Aspects Histo-Epidemiologiques Des Cancers Solides Du Rein De L’enfant En Cote D’ivoire

Objectifs: A partir d’une étude rétrospective transversale, les auteurs  rapportent 34 cas de cancer du rein histologiquement confirmés chez l’enfant de moins de 16 ans, observés dans les services d’Anatomie Pathologique des centres hospitaliers et universitaires d’Abidjan (République de Côte d’Ivoire) au cours de la période allant de janvier 1984 à décembre 2007e.Patients et méthodes: Le matériel d’étude était constitué de pièce de  néphrectomie. Après fixation dans le formol à 10%, les prélèvements ont été inclus en paraffine et coloré à l’hématéine éosine.Résultats: Le cancer du rein de l’enfant représentait 0.28% de l’ensemble des cancers. Il y avait 18 garçons (52.94%) et 16 filles (47.06%). L’âge moyen était de 4.88 ans. Au plan histologique nous avons observé 31 cas de néphroblastome (91.18%), 2 cas de lymphome de Burkitt (5.88%) et 1 cas de carcinome à cellule rénale (2.94%).Conclusion: Les cancers solides du rein de l’enfant sont dominés par le néphroblastome

Photosynthetic Responses to Heat Treatments at Different Temperatures and following Recovery in Grapevine (Vitis amurensis L.) Leaves

BACKGROUND: The electron transport chain, Rubisco and stomatal conductance are important in photosynthesis. Little is known about their combined responses to heat treatment at different temperatures and following recovery in grapevines (Vitis spp.) which are often grown in climates with high temperatures. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: The electron transport function of photosystem II, the activation state of Rubisco and the influence of stomatal behavior were investigated in grapevine leaves during heat treatments and following recovery. High temperature treatments included 35, 40 and 45°C, with 25°C as the control and recovery temperature. Heat treatment at 35°C did not significantly (P>0.05) inhibit net photosynthetic rate (P(n)). However, with treatments at 40 and 45°C, P(n) was decreased, accompanied by an increase in substomatal CO(2) concentration (C(i)), decreases in stomatal conductance (g(s)) and the activation state of Rubisco, and inhibition of the donor side and the reaction center of PSII. The acceptor side of PSII was inhibited at 45°C but not at 40°C. When grape leaves recovered following heat treatment, P(n), g(s) and the activation state of Rubisco also increased, and the donor side and the reaction center of PSII recovered. The increase in P(n) during the recovery period following the second 45°C stress was slower than that following the 40°C stress, and these increases corresponded to the donor side of PSII and the activation state of Rubisco. CONCLUSIONS: Heat treatment at 35°C did not significantly (P>0.05) influence photosynthesis. The decrease of P(n) in grape leaves exposed to more severe heat stress (40 or 45°C) was mainly attributed to three factors: the activation state of Rubisco, the donor side and the reaction center of PSII. However, the increase of P(n) in grape leaves following heat stress was also associated with a stomatal response. The acceptor side of PSII in grape leaves was responsive but less sensitive to heat stress