Wheat non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins: identification and characterisation of nuclear-encoded fertility restorer genes

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) constitute a large protein family found in all land plants. NsLTPs are involved in a wide range of biological processes, however, only few members have been functionally characterised. The aim of this project was to investigate the biological function of TaMs1, a wheat glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored nsLTP. TaMs1 was identified as a dominant wheat fertility gene necessary for pollen exine development and proposed for use in the efficient bulking of male-sterile lines required for hybrid wheat seed production. Additionally, we identified and analysed nsLTP members in bread wheat on a genome-wide scale, providing a valuable resource aimed at elucidating the function of these genes in wheat development. Firstly, to investigate the biological function of TaMs1, we conducted expression analysis of its three homeoalleles (A, B, and D sub-genomes) on a series of wheat tissues collected at different developmental stages. TaMs1 transcripts were detected exclusively in anthers during early microspore development, and we only observed expression of the B-genome-derived TaMs1 (Chapter 3). Additionally, we observed that previously reported genes deemed necessary for pollen exine formation were not differentially regulated in ms1 deletion mutants (ms1c, cv. Cornerstone) relative to Wild-Type, suggesting an independent function for TaMs1 from these genes during pollen development. Moreover, we showed that the encoded protein TaMs1 is targeted to the plasma membrane. For a commercially viable hybrid wheat production platform, complete penetrance of the ms1-induced male sterility is critical. Here, we observed male sterility penetrance to be variable depending upon ms1 mutation type and genotypic background (Chapter 5). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP mutant) ms1d (cv. Chris), showed near-complete male sterility in various backgrounds, whilst partial to full fertility (incomplete penetrance) was observed for the homozygous ms1c deletion mutant. To identify possible loci involved with this incomplete penetrance, we used a genotyping-by-sequencing (GbS)-SNP-based linkage map followed by analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for selfed-seed set in the homozygous mutant ms1c. Two QTLs, on chromosome 4AL and 2BS respectively, were identified to be associated with selfed-seed set. The 4AL QTL spans 36 cM and contains three nsLTPs, including the TaMs1-A homeologue, whereas the 2BS QTL spans 42.5 cM and contains four nsLTPs. Finally, to study the evolution of nsLTPs we conducted a genome-wide identification of this gene family in wheat (Chapter 4). A total of 461 putative nsLTPs were identified from the wheat genome (TaLTPs) (cv. Chinese Spring). The evolutionary relationships of the retrieved TaLTPs with rice and A.thaliana nsLTPs revealed an expansion of this family in the wheat genome, emerging mainly from tandem duplications. We showed that wheat nsLTP transcripts were detected in most tissues and stages of wheat development, which is in accordance with the diverse reported roles of this gene family. We further refined the expression profile of anther-expressed nsLTPs to provide additional male fertility gene sequences that can be used for the generation of alternative male-sterile wheat mutants. The present work contributes towards an understanding of the biological role for TaMs1 in male fertility, providing valuable information to help the development of large-scale and cost-effective multiplication of ms1 male-steriles. Furthermore, this project provides groundwork for future fundamental research in wheat focussing on the role of nsLTPs in wheat development.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 201

The impact of oil price changes on the exchange rate of the Algerian dinar during the period 2000-2018

تهدف  هذه الورقة البحثية إلى دراسة أثر تغيرات أسعار النفط على سعر صرف الدينار الجزائري للفترة الممتدة من عام 2000 إلى 2018، وتحديد ما إذا كان التغير الذي يحدث في أسعار النفط من شأنه إحداث  فروقات في أسعار صرف الدينار الجزائري؛ إضافة إلى تحليل أثر التغيرات التي تطرأ على سعر الصرف نتيجة تغيرا أسعار النفط . ولهذا الغرض تمّت الاستعانة ببعض الأدوات القياسية، حيث خلصت الدراسة إلى أنّ سعر صرف الدينار يستجيب لتغيرات أسعار النفط في المدى المتوسط والطويل.      This research paper aims to study the effect of oil price changes on the exchange rate of the Algerian dinar for the period from 2000 to 2018, and determine whether the change that occurs in oil prices would limit the differences in the Algerian exchange rates, also can the oil price be considered among the price determinants the exchange, and how to explain the relationship between the oil price and the Algerian dinar exchange rate, in addition the difference in changes using the standard analysis tools, the study concluded that the dinar exchange rate responds to changes in oil prices in the medium and long term

The effectiveness of a training program based on emotional intelligence skills to reduce the level of depression in a sample of blood pressure patients - A field study in the state of Laghouat -

هدفت الدراسة الحالية  إلى قیاس أثر برنامج تدريبي قائم على مهارات الذكاء الوجداني لخفض مستوى الإكتئاب لدى عينة من مرضى الضغط الدموي بولاية الأغواط، وقسمت عینة الدراسة إلى مجموعتین مجموعة تجریبیة :تتكون من (10) مرضى يطبق عليهم برنامج تدريبي ومجموعة ضابطة تتكون من (10) مرضى  لم یطبق عليهم البرنامج التدريبي، وقد استخدم الباحثان مقیاس الذكاء الوجداني، ومقیاس الإكتئاب، واستمارة تقییم الحصص التدريبية،  وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى:   - وجود فروق بین متوسطات درجات المجموعتین التجریبیة والضابطة في القیاس البعدي بعد تطبیق البرنامج  على مقیاس الذكاء الوجداني لصالح المجموعة التجریبیة،   -وجود فروق بین متوسطات درجات المجموعتین التجریبیة والضابطة في القیاس البعدي بعد تطبیق البرنامج على مقیاس الإكنئاب لصالح المجموعة الضابطة-عدم وجود فروق بين متوسطات درجات المجموعة التجريبية في القياس التتبعي في كل من مقياس الذكاء الوجداني والإكتئاب.       The study aims to measure the effect of a training program based on emotional intelligence skills to reduce the level of depression in a sample of blood pressure patients in the state of Laghouat. The study sample was divided into two groups randomly. An experimental group: It consists of (10) patients to whom a training program prepared by the researchers is applied, and a group Control: It consists of (10) patients for whom the training program was not applied, and the researchers used the emotional intelligence scale, the depression scale, and the training session evaluation form, and the results of the study reached: - There are differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-measurement after applying the program to Emotional intelligence scale for the benefit of the experimental group, - There are differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-measurement after applying the program to the depression scale in favor of the control group, and there are no differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the follow-up measurement in both the emotional intelligence scale and depression

The pillars of the desert tourism promotion Beni Abbas region model in the southwestern Algerian

تعتبر منطقة بني عباس، واحدة من الوجهات السياحية في الصحراء الجزائرية، نظرا لما تتمتع به من مقومات ومزايا سياحية راقية. إلا أن الواقع يفيد بأن النشاط السياحي في المنطقة لم يرق إلى المستويات المطلوبة. في هذا السياق تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على بعض الآليات التي قد تكون مساعدة لجعل المنطقة مقصدا سياحيا، يعود بالمنفعة محليا ووطنيا.     As a matter of fact, Bani Abbas has been considered as one of the main touristic places in the Algerian Sahara, due to its valuable and precious touristic features. Virtually, however, the major touristic activities and tasks, in this city, are still far from reaching the level expected.  In this respect, this study is an attempt to cast light on some of the helpful strategies that enable Bani Abbas to be a really charming touristic place

Academic advising and its importance for the university student - Study of 03 cases in a common stem department of social sciences - Laghouat University -

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة أهمية الإرشاد الأكاديمي للطالب الجامعي بصفة عامة وللطالب الجديد بصفة خاصة، ودور المرشد الأكاديمي في الوسط الجامعي، كما سعت الدراسة إلى معرفة آراء الطلبة اتجاه عملية الإرشاد الأكاديمي وفي هذه الدراسة اخترنا 03 حالات من  طلبة قسم جذع مشترك علوم اجتماعية جامعة الأغواط الذين انتقلوا إلى السنة الثانية للموسم الدراسي 2019/2020. واستخدم في هذه الدراسة المنهج دراسة الحالة. وكانت نتائج الدراسة كالتالي: -يعتبر الطلبة أن وجود المرشد الأكاديمي في الوسط الجامعي ضرورة  قصوى. -لا يقتصر دور المرشد الأكاديمي على الجانب الدراسي بل يحتاج الطالب الجامعي إلى المرافقة الشاملة في الجانب الدراسي والنفسي والإجتماعي.this study aimed to know the importance of academic guidance for the university student in general and for the new student in particular, and the role of the academic advisor in the university center.  In this study, we selected 03 cases of students of the joint trunk department of social sciences University of Laghouat who moved to the second year of the academic year 2019/2020. The case study was used in this study. The results of the study were as follows: - Students consider the presence of an academic advisor in the university environment as a necessity. - The role of the academic advisor is not limited to the academic aspect, but the university student needs to accompany comprehensive in the academic, psychological and social aspect

Family effects of women working outside the home

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على الآثار الأسرية والاجتماعية المترتبة عن عمل خارج البيت ، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي اعتمادا على أداة الإستبان ، التي طبقت على عينة قوامها (250) إمرأة عاملة بولاية الأغواط  ، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن عمل المرأة خارج البيت له آثار سلبية على نفسها وزوجها وأبنائها وعلى محيطها الاجتماعي .This study aims to identify family and social consequences of women working outside the home, using descriptive depending with a questionnaire, applied to a sample of (250) working woman in Laghouat, the study found that women working outside the home has negative effects on herself, her husband, her children and her social environmen

Breeding Biology of the Sardinian Warbler (Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala) in the North-East of Algeria

This work examined the reproductive phenology of the Sardinian warbler (Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala) in North-eastern Algeria, which is its main geographical nesting area. Twenty-eight (28) nests were studied during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017). The results obtained in this study confirm that the nests were constructed at an average height of (01.97±01.04 m) from the ground. The laying period lasted eight (08) weeks (mid-March to the beginning of the second week of May), so fifty-four (54) days. The mean clutch size is (4.14±0.97) eggs per brood. The recorder traits were previously observed in European populations. The average of hatching success was (47.38 %) and mean reproductive success (45.24 %) were relatively low compared to European populations

Psychological support for children with autism by applying Teach program

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة فاعلية برنامج تيتش الخاص بالتكفل النفسي بالأطفال المصابين باضطراب التوحد. حيث يعد البرنامج العلاجي تيتش (Teacch) من أشهر البرامج العلاجية والتربوية والسلوكية لأطفال التوحد، فهو يساهم في مساعدة الأطفال التوحديين لأن يكونوا أكثر استقلالية من خلال مساعدتهم على تحقيق فهم أفضل للعالم من حولهم.    وقد طبقت الدراسة على حالة مصابة باضطراب التوحد في مدينة الأغواط ،وأسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن اكتساب الحالة لبعض المهارات السلوكية واللغوية.    The current study aims to know the effectiveness of the "Tech" program on psychological well-being for children with autism. As the Teacch program is one of the most popular therapeutic, educational and behavioral programs for autistic children, it contributes to helping autistic children be more independent by helping them achieve a better understanding of the world around them.    The study was applied to a case of autistic disorder in the city of Laghouat. The results of the study resulted in the case gaining some behavioral and linguistic skills