Case Report Multifocal Buruli Ulcer Associated with Secondary Infection in HIV Positive Patient

Buruli ulcer is a chronic and infectious skin disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It leads to large skin ulceration and sometimes bone infection which is responsible for deformities. Here, we report a case of multifocal form of Buruli ulcer associated with secondary infection in a 46-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive woman. The antimycobacterial drugs combined to surgery allowed curing this multifocal case and rose up two relevant issues: the susceptibility of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurrence and Mycobacterium dissemination. The deep immune depression, the underline biological, and clinical disorders of the patient might contribute to IRIS occurrence and Buruli ulcer dissemination. Future investigations have to be conducted on the mechanism of IRIS on set and on Mycobacterium ulcerans dissemination after ARV drugs initiation and the patient related underline clinical or biological disorders

Level of Concordance of Pre-, Intra-, and Postoperative Staging in Cervical Cancers (TREYA Study)

Concomitant radiochemotherapy is the therapeutic standard for locally advanced (Ib2 to IVa stage FIGO) cervical cancer. In the absence of a radiotherapy in many of our Sub-Saharan African countries, surgical resection is the only therapeutic method available in hopes of achieving a definite cure. However, criteria for curative surgery are not always met due to preoperative understaging of most of our patients. In addition to socioeconomic factors, the causes for understaging are numerous. These include the lack of personnel or underqualified personnel and the absence of complete workup to assess the resectability of the tumor, but above all the lack of decision-making through multidisciplinary consultation meetings. This study makes a plea in order to provide our hospitals with qualified personnel and adequate technical platform to allow efficient management of our patients with cervical cancer

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Impact of hydrogen potential on anaerobic digestion of organic waste

The world’s waste deposit has become more important due to the growth of the world economy and demography. Biomethanation is method of choice for the treatment of fermentable fractions of municipal waste. However, low methane yield due to operational issues and process instability prevent this technology from being widely applied. It shows that biogas is made up of approximately 50-70% CH4; 30-50% CO2 from traces of other gases. Solutions for improving CH4 production include controlling anaerobic digestion factors. These factors are essentially: the methanogenic potential, the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), temperature, Hydrogen potential (pH) and tightness of the reactor. Among these factors, one of the most important, the pH, is analysed in this article in order to ensure production’s optimization. 02 substrates are studied potato peel and cow’s stomach waste: As results, the production of biogas varies constantly with the variation of pH. With a pH lower than 5 the production decreases. The best productions were obtained pH value between 6.9 and 7.4. That said, it is important to find a way to stabilize the pH variation in the production of biogas for better sustainability. Eggshell has been studied in order to maintain the balance and good results have been obtained

Multifocal Buruli Ulcer Associated with Secondary Infection in HIV Positive Patient

Buruli ulcer is a chronic and infectious skin disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It leads to large skin ulceration and sometimes bone infection which is responsible for deformities. Here, we report a case of multifocal form of Buruli ulcer associated with secondary infection in a 46-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive woman. The antimycobacterial drugs combined to surgery allowed curing this multifocal case and rose up two relevant issues: the susceptibility of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurrence and Mycobacterium dissemination. The deep immune depression, the underline biological, and clinical disorders of the patient might contribute to IRIS occurrence and Buruli ulcer dissemination. Future investigations have to be conducted on the mechanism of IRIS on set and on Mycobacterium ulcerans dissemination after ARV drugs initiation and the patient related underline clinical or biological disorders

Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida de Crianças Africanas com Dermatite atópica pela escala CDLQI

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects both children and adults. The main symptom is pruritus, which has an important impact on quality of life (QoL). The objective of our study was to assess the impact of AD on the quality of life of children through the CDLQI score. Population and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey, with descriptive and analytical aims, carried out on the basis of prospective recruitment, carried out over a period of 7 months from December 2017 to June 2018. The study included children (5-16 years) with AD selected during dermatology consultations at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Treichville. Data collected included the socio-demographic characteristics of patients and their AD and the results of a questionnaire on the severity score (SCORAD) and the quality of life index in these children (CDLQI). Results: We included 60 children, mainly within the group from 05 to 09 years (57%). CDLQI average score was 9.9 and mean SCORAD 24. Pruritus, insomnia and sadness had more impact on QoL. We found a strong association between the severity of AD objectified by SCORAD and the CDLQI. Conclusion: The study reveals a high impact of AD on the QoL of children in Abidjan mainly through pruritus, insomnia and sadness. It opens up reflection on the need for education for AD management and the prospect of creating an atopy school in Côte d’Ivoire.Introdução: A dermatite atópica (AD) é uma doença inflamatória crónica que afeta crianças e adultos. O prurido é um dos principais sintomas e o que tem um impacto importante na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar o impacto da AD na qualidade de vida da criança pela escala de CDLQI. População e Métodos: Durante um período de 7 meses, entre Dezembro 2017 e Junho de 2018, efectuámos um estudo “cross-sectional” descritivo e analítico com base num recrutamento prospetivo que incluiu crianças (5-16 anos) com AD selecionadas durante a consulta de Dermatologia do Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Treichville. Os dados recolhidos incluíram características sociodemográficas da população e da AD e os resultados de questionários que avaliam a gravidade da AD (SCORAD) e a qualidade de vida destas crianças (CDLQI). Resultados: Foram incluídas 60 crianças, sobretudo do grupo dos 5 aos 9 anos (57%). Os índices médios das escalas do CDLQI e SCORAD foram 9,9 e 24, respetivamente. O prurido, a insónia e a tristeza causaram o maior impacto na qualidade de vida. Encontrámos uma correlação forte entre a severidade da AD objetivada pelo SCORAD e a escala CDLQI. Conclusão: O estudo revela um elevado impacto da AD na qualidade de vida das crianças em Abidjan, especialmente causado pelo prurido, insónia e tristeza. Estes dados chamam a atenção para a necessidade de uma educação especial para abordagem terapêutica global e para a perspetiva de criar uma escola de atopia na Costa do Marfim