10 research outputs found
Caractérisation partielle et distribution des activités osidasiques de l\'extrait brut enzymatique de la blatte Periplaneta americana
L\'objectif de ce travail Ă©tait d\'utiliser la blatte Periplaneta americana comme source de glycosidases Ă activitĂ©s originales pouvant intervenir dans la valorisation des molĂ©cules alimentaires et non alimentaires des ressources agricoles et comprendre la dĂ©gradation des macromolĂ©cules alimentaires chez cette espèce de blatte. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă l\'aide de l\'extrait brut enzymatique total et des diffĂ©rentes portions du tube digestif de la blatte Periplaneta americana. Il ressort de ce travail que l\'extrait brut enzymatique total de la blatte Periplaneta americana possède un Ă©quipement glycosidasique dont l\'action s\'exerce aussi bien sur les polyholosides, les hĂ©tĂ©rosides que sur les oligosides. De façon gĂ©nĂ©rale, ces activitĂ©s osidasiques obtenues Ă des pH optimums acides sont mĂ©sophiles avec des tempĂ©ratures optimales comprises entre 45 et 60 °C dans le tampon acĂ©tate. Cependant, les activitĂ©s α-galactosidasique, α-mannosidasique, α-glucosaminidasique et α- xylosidasique sont thermophiles. L\'Ă©tude de l\'inactivation thermique montre que certaines de ces activitĂ©s sont stables (activitĂ©s xylanasique, lichnanasique, amylasique, α-glucosidasique et invertasique). La comparaison des activitĂ©s enzymatiques obtenues dans les diffĂ©rentes parties du tube digestif de la blatte Periplaneta americana montre que la majoritĂ© des enzymes Ă©tudiĂ©es sont surtout distribuĂ©es au niveau des intestins moyen (mĂ©senteron) et antĂ©rieur et dans une moindre mesure au niveau de la panse. Ce qui nous fait penser que la dĂ©gradation des macromolĂ©cules en sucres simples chez cette blatte a lieu principalement dans ces portions.
Ces résultats montrent que la blatte Periplaneta americana possède une richesse en diverses glycosidases qui pourraient constituer après purification des outils enzymatiques indispensables dans les industries agroalimentaire, pharmaceutique et du textile. Keywords: Blatte, Periplaneta americana, activités osidasiques, distribution, tube digestif. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 2 (2) 2008: pp. 128-13
Change in the starch granules of tuber parts of "Kangba" and "Krenglè" (Dioscorea cayenenesis-rotundata complex) during post-harvest storage
The aim of the study was to monitor variations of starch granules in two varieties of yam tuber parts during post-harvest storage. The morphological properties of yam part starches isolated from two cultivars ("Kangba" and "Krengle") belonging to Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata complex species were evaluated. The shapes of starch granules from yam tuber parts of each cultivar were similar and these shapes were the same from one cultivar to another. They appeared polyhedral, ovo-triangular, oval and some oblong. As for the granulesf size, it appeared significant (P.0.05) and ranging from 5.8 ƒÊm to 61.8 ƒÊm in the proximal tuber parts and 5.4 ƒÊm to 53.8 ƒÊm in distal tuber parts during the post-harvest storage. The proximal tuber parts had the highest size of granules (O = 26.8-36.6 ƒÊm). Moreover, the different tuber parts of "Kangba" cultivar presented the highest size of starch granules (O = 27.5-36.3 ƒÊm)
Behavior of manganese ion in basic medium: consequence for the measurement of enzymatic activities using nitrophenyl derivatives
The use of nitrophenyl derivatives in the determination of the influence of manganese ion on catalytic activities of glycosidases and phosphatases remains a problem. In fact, in this study, adding manganese chloride or manganese sulfate to sodium hydroxyde or sodium carbonate inaqueous solution yielded secondary reactions. These secondary reactions affected the absorbance for wavelengths varying between 400-420 nm. This chemical behavior did not allow reliable results in determining the influence of manganese ion on glycosidase and phosphatase activities,when nitrophenyl derivatives were used as substrates. This study showed that this problem could be avoided when natural substrates such as disaccharides (glycosidases) and phosphorylglycosides (phosphatases) were used in enzymatic tests
Caractérisation Physico-Chimique de l’Amande d’Hybride de Cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) PB121 issus de Vitroculture selon les Stades de Maturité et la Durée de Stockage des noix
Ces travaux visent à étudier les caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l’amande des premiers cocotiers hybrides PB 121 issus de vitroculture selon le stade de maturité et la durée de stockage. Les observations ont d’abord été faites juste après récolte sur les noix de deux stades de maturité, puis tous les 7 jours pendant 28 jours de stockage. Les données ont ensuite été comparées avec celles du témoin (l’hybride PB 121 ordinaire). A la récolte, les masses des noix du témoin sont significativement supérieures à celles du vitroplant (1376,62 et 1296,40 au rang 24), pendant que celles d’amande sont statistiquement similaires (320,84 et 315,55 g respectivement pour ordinaire et vitroplant au rang 25). Par ailleurs, contrairement au témoin, les masses d’amande de vitroplant augmentent significativement au cours du stockage et ce, avec leurs épaisseurs. Il fourni également à la récolte une amande plus riche en sucres que les ordinaires. Durant le stockage, les teneurs en huile chez les deux hybrides PB 121 varient de 68,92 à 72,35 %. Les taux de cendre augmentent quant ceux des protéines diminuent. L’amande du PB 121 vitroplant pourrait être utilisée en biscuiterie, pâtisserie et savonnerie comme le PB 121 ordinaire.Mots clés: Cocotier, hybride, vitroculture, amande, caractéristiqu
Utilization of soya protein as an alternative protein source in Oreochromis niloticus diet: Growth performance, feed utilization, proximate composition and organoleptic characteristics
The effect of replacing fish protein with soya protein in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets was examined. Three isoproteic (35%) diets containing 0% (FD); 50% (MD) and 100% (SD) fish protein substituted by soya protein were formulated. Fish (initial weight = 11.56 ± 4.22 g) was fed with experimental diets for 180 days. Results showed that the best growth was achieved with fish fed FD. Growth parameters such as final body weight, body weight gain and specific growth rate decreased with increased dietary soya protein. In contrast, no significant differences were found in feed and protein utilization parameters. For carcass trait, ash, crude fat, and energy varied significantly with soya protein incorporation in fish diet. Concerning organoleptic characteristics, odour and texture in mouth were not affected by incorporation of soya protein in diet. In contrast, texture, flavour, and general appreciate note were affected by dietary treatment. Partial substitution of fish protein by soyaprotein gave more pronounced sweet flavour
Influence De La Drêche De Brasserie Et De Leucaena leucocephala Sur La Croissance De Thryonomys Swinderianus En Captivité
L\'influence de la drêche de brasserie et de Leucaena leucocephala additionnés au complément alimentaire a été évaluée sur la croissance des aulacodes en élevage. 16 aulacodes dont 12 femelles et 4 mâles ont été utilisés pour cette étude. Deux groupes composés de 4 femelles pour 1 mâle ont été soumis au régime alimentaire standard pratiqué à l\'aulacoderie expérimentale de l\'Université d\'Abobo-Adjamé (fourrage : 2 fois par jour, plus une ration de complément alimentaire). Un troisième groupe de 6 animaux
a été organisé en 3 lots de 2 animaux chacun. Chaque lot a reçu en pls du fourrage, une ration de complément alimentaire. Aux rations des lots 1 et 3 on a ajouté respectivement de la drêche de brasserie ou de folioles séchées de Leucaena leucocephala. Les animaux du lot 2 servant de témoin, n\'ont reçu ni drêche de brasserie ni Leucaena leucocephala. Chaque aulacode a reçu une ration quotidienne faite de 83 g de complément alimentaire. L\'analyse bromatologique des ingrédients alimentaires a révélé une teneur en protéine de 28 % pour la drêche de brasserie contre 24,5 % pour les folioles de Leucaena
leucocephala. En ce qui concerne les rations alimentaires, celle du lot 1 contient 13,12 % de PB et 53,90 % d\'extractif non azoté (ENA), celle du lot 2 contient 9,62 % (P/P) de PB et 59,25 % (P/P) d\' ENA. La ration du lot 3, contient 12,25 % (P/P) de PB et 57,16 % (P/P) de ENA. L\'étude de la croissance a révélé un Gain Moyen Quotidien (GMQ) plus élevé pour les aulacodes du lot 1 nourris à la drêche de brasserie que celui des animaux du lot 3 nourris au concentré additionné de Leucaena leucocephala. Les groupes nourris à la ration standard ont présenté en moyenne un GMQ de 9 g/J. L\'analyse statistique de la consommation des différents lots (ANOVA, intervalle de confiance de 95 %) n\'a décelé aucune différence significative. Il ressort de cette étude que la ration additionnée de drêche de brasserie a donné les meilleures potentialités nutritionnelles par rapport à Leucaena leucocephalaThe impact of brewery\'s on cane-rat growth refuse and Leucena leucocephala added to food supplement was tested on sixteen cane-rat were used for the experiment. Ten animals were submitted to a standard food ration. Six of the animals were organized in three groups of two animals per group. A food ration made of a brewery refuse was used for the first group. The second group received a food ration consisting
of leaves of Leucaena leucocephala. The third group received no food. All animals were fed with grass twice daily and each animal received a daily ration of 83 g of food supplement. Biochimical analysis of ingredients Fantodji A. et al. Agronomie Africaine 15 (1) : 39-50 (2003)
40 and food components showed a high rate of protein in bewery refuse (28 %) and 24 % for Leucaena leucocephala. Protein contents of different lot\'s ration is respectively 13,12 (lot 1) ; 9,62 (lot 2) ; 12,25 (lot 3) respectively. The day feeding is calculated. The growth study show an higher GMQ for animals of first lot feeded with bewery refuse add ration. Keywords: Elevage, Aulacode, Influence, DrĂŞche de brasserie, Leucaena leucocephala, CĂ´te; cane-rat, breeding , feeding, growth, brewery, Leucaena leucocephala, CI d\'ivoireAgronomie Africaine Vol. 15 (1) 2003: pp. 39-5
Characterisation of purple acid phosphatase from breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the biochemical properties, physiological role and possible application of a purple acid phosphatase isolated from breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds. Methodology and results: An acid phosphatase was purified 13.7-fold to apparent homogeneity from breadfruit (Artocarpus communis) seeds, using successive chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose Fast-flow, Sephacryl S-100 HR, and phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast-flow. The enzyme was a purple acid phosphatase (λmax = 510 nm) that appeared to be a monomeric protein with molecular weight of approximately 27.3 kDa by SDS PAGE. The purple acid phosphatase was optimally active at pH 5.5 and 55°C, but strongly inhibited by molybdate, vanadate, phosphate and zinc. Moreover it did not require divalent cations for catalysis. This phosphatase showed wide substrate specificity with high affinity for sodium pyrophosphate, suggesting that pyrophosphate could be its potential physiological substrate. The enzyme also hydrolyzed sodium phytate. Potential application of finding: The purified enzyme could be applied in the mineral fertilizers industry or as a food additive for monogastric animals, e.g. pigs, in farming systems
Les aliments utilisés en pisciculture semi intensive en Côte d'Ivoire et leur productivité
Feeds Used in Semi-intensive-Fish Farming Systems and their productivity in Ivory Coast. A survey was carried out on fish feeds used in semi-intensive fish farming system in Ivory Coast. Fish feeds were collected from 156 fish farms. Their nutritional value and the factors affecting their use as well as their productivity were assessed. Commercial feeds, feeds produced by fish farmers and agro-industrial by-products were used respectively by 51%, 34%, and 47% of the producers, alone or mixed. Nutritional values of commercial feeds meet the nutritional requirement of fish breeding. Conversely, feeds produced by local feed sellers, fish farmers and agro-industrial by-products are in general poor in crude protein and/or rich in crude fiber. The geographical location of the fish farm, the age, the origin, the gender and the main professional activity of the fish farm owner influence the choice of feed. The highest growth parameters were obtained by the commercial feeds compared to fish farmer's feeds or agro-industrial byproducts. The average growth rates of tilapia range between 1.06 and 1.20 g/day. Their yields range between 2445 and 4252 kg/ha/year. The availability of low cost composed fish feeds which take into account the requirement of fish formulated from local and available raw materials would improve fish production