Caractérisation physico-chimiques des noix et de l’huile des premiers cocotiers (Cocos nucifera L.) PB 121 issus de la culture in vitro d’embryon zygotique plantés en Côte d’Ivoire

Le présent travail vise à évaluer les caractéristiques physico-chimiques de noix et de l’huile d’amande  des premiers cocotiers PB 121 issus de la culture in vitro. Les observations ont été faites sur des noix de troisstades de maturité puis comparées avec celles des cocotiers PB 121 plantés ordinairement (PB 121 O). Il en ressort que les masses des noix PB 121 O sont significativement supérieures à celles issues de culture in vitro (PB 121 V), pendant que celles d’amande sont moins élevées. Les teneurs en huiles augmentent généralement au cours de la maturation jusqu’au rang 25 à 70,80% chez PB 121 O et 69,78% chez PB 121 V. Elles baissent ensuite respectivement jusqu’à 65,44% et 64,78%. Les indices d’acide et d’iode sont moins élevés chez les PB 121 V avec respectivement au rang 24 sont de 5,33 et 33,00% puis 5,89 et 39,98% chez PB 121 O. Les indices de saponification de PB 121 V sont supérieurs à ceux de PB 121 O. L'acide laurique représente l’acide gras le plus abondant des huiles étudiées. L’huile d’amande de PB 121 V qui est plus stable et moins acide est plus appropriée en savonnerie.Mots clés : Cocotier, in vitro, amande, huile

A Trial of Early Antiretrovirals and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Africa

BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis is high. We conducted a trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design to assess the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART), 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), or both among HIV-infected adults with high CD4+ cell counts in Ivory Coast. METHODS: We included participants who had HIV type 1 infection and a CD4+ count of less than 800 cells per cubic millimeter and who met no criteria for starting ART according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: deferred ART (ART initiation according to WHO criteria), deferred ART plus IPT, early ART (immediate ART initiation), or early ART plus IPT. The primary end point was a composite of diseases included in the case definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS-defining cancer, non-AIDS-defining invasive bacterial disease, or death from any cause at 30 months. We used Cox proportional models to compare outcomes between the deferred-ART and early-ART strategies and between the IPT and no-IPT strategies. RESULTS: A total of 2056 patients (41% with a baseline CD4+ count of ≥500 cells per cubic millimeter) were followed for 4757 patient-years. A total of 204 primary end-point events were observed (3.8 events per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3 to 4.4), including 68 in patients with a baseline CD4+ count of at least 500 cells per cubic millimeter (3.2 events per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 2.4 to 4.0). Tuberculosis and invasive bacterial diseases accounted for 42% and 27% of primary end-point events, respectively. The risk of death or severe HIV-related illness was lower with early ART than with deferred ART (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.76; adjusted hazard ratio among patients with a baseline CD4+ count of ≥500 cells per cubic millimeter, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.94) and lower with IPT than with no IPT (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.88; adjusted hazard ratio among patients with a baseline CD4+ count of ≥500 cells per cubic millimeter, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.01). The 30-month probability of grade 3 or 4 adverse events did not differ significantly among the strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In this African country, immediate ART and 6 months of IPT independently led to lower rates of severe illness than did deferred ART and no IPT, both overall and among patients with CD4+ counts of at least 500 cells per cubic millimeter. (Funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis; TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00495651.)