Adaptable Context Management Framework for Secure Network Services

Last decades the contextual approach became an important methodology of analysing information processes in the dynamic environment. In this paper we propose a context management framework suitable for secure network services. The framework allows tracking the contextual information from its origin, through all stages of its processing up to application in security services protecting the secure network application. Besides the framework's description, an example of its application in constructing secure voice call network service is given

Hierarchical Communication Diagrams

Formal modelling languages range from strictly textual ones like process algebra scripts to visual modelling languages based on hierarchical graphs like coloured Petri nets. Approaches equipped with visual modelling capabilities make developing process easier and help users to cope with more complex systems. Alvis is a modelling language that combines possibilities of formal models verification with flexibility and simplicity of practical programming languages. The paper deals with hierarchical communication diagrams - the visual layer of the Alvis modelling language. It provides all necessary information to model system structure with Alvis, to manipulate a model hierarchy and to understand a model semantics. All considered concepts are discussed using illustrative examples

Liver transplantation in metastatic liver tumors

As transplant medicine has evolved in recent decades so too have the indications for liver transplantation (LT). Active or suspected malignancy has stopped being considered as a contraindication for organ transplantation, and nowadays LT plays a major role in the treatment strategies of liver malignancy, specially primary, but also metastatic. It offers excellent long-term outcomes for certain patients with neuroendocrine tumors liver metastases (NETLMs) and carefully selected patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs), who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Optimal patient selection has become the key issue to achieve the best possible outcomes and to deal with the alleviating shortage of organs. The recent tendency to incorporate markers of tumor biology into selection criteria, rather than simply focusing on tumor size and number, has led to further extension of indications for LT in patients with liver ma­lignancy. This review article focuses on the current place of liver transplantation in the treatment strategy for patients with metastatic/secondary liver tumors

Liver transplantation in metastatic liver tumors

As transplant medicine has evolved in recent decades so too have the indications for liver transplantation (LT). Active or suspected malignancy has stopped being considered as a contraindication for organ transplantation, and nowadays LT plays a major role in the treatment strategies of liver malignancy, specially primary, but also metastatic. It offers excellent long-term outcomes for certain patients with neuroendocrine tumors liver metastases (NETLMs) and carefully selected patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs), who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Optimal patient selection has become the key issue to achieve the best possible outcomes and to deal with the alleviating shortage of organs. The recent tendency to incorporate markers of tumor biology into selection criteria, rather than simply focusing on tumor size and number, has led to further extension of indications for LT in patients with liver ma­lignancy. This review article focuses on the current place of liver transplantation in the treatment strategy for patients with metastatic/secondary liver tumors

Liver transplantation in primary liver tumors

As transplant medicine has evolved in recent decades so too have the indications for liver transplantation (LT). Active or suspected malignancy has stopped being considered as a contraindication for organ transplantation, and nowa­days LT plays a major role in the treatment strategies of liver tumors. It offers excellent long-term outcomes for certain patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and carefully selected patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiatotherapy. In certain clinical courses of rare primary liver tumors, hepatic epithelioid haemangio-endothelioma (HEHE) and hepatic adenoma (HA), liver transplantation is also considered the best treatment option. Optimal patient selection has become the key issue to achieve the best possible outcomes and to deal with the alleviating shortage of organs. The recent tendency to incorporate markers of tumor biology into selection criteria, rather than simply focusing on tumor size and number, has led to further extension of indications for LT in patients with liver malignancy. This review article focuses on the current place of liver transplantation in the treatment strategy for patients with primary liver tumors, mainly primary liver cancers

Liver transplantation in primary liver tumors

As transplant medicine has evolved in recent decades so too have the indications for liver transplantation (LT). Active or suspected malignancy has stopped being considered as a contraindication for organ transplantation, and nowa­days LT plays a major role in the treatment strategies of liver tumors. It offers excellent long-term outcomes for certain patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and carefully selected patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiatotherapy. In certain clinical courses of rare primary liver tumors, hepatic epithelioid haemangio-endothelioma (HEHE) and hepatic adenoma (HA), liver transplantation is also considered the best treatment option. Optimal patient selection has become the key issue to achieve the best possible outcomes and to deal with the alleviating shortage of organs. The recent tendency to incorporate markers of tumor biology into selection criteria, rather than simply focusing on tumor size and number, has led to further extension of indications for LT in patients with liver malignancy. This review article focuses on the current place of liver transplantation in the treatment strategy for patients with primary liver tumors, mainly primary liver cancers

Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives

Asymptotic Distributions of the Continuous-Time Random Walks: A Probabilistic Approach

We provide a systematic analysis of the possible asymptotic distributions of onedimensional continuous-time random walks (CTRWs) by applying the limit theorems of probability theory. Biased and unbiased walks of coupled and decoupled memory are considered. In contrast to previous works concerning decoupled memory and L'evy walks, we deal also with arbitrary coupled memory and with jump densities asymmetric about its mean, obtaining asymmetric L'evy-stable limits. Suprisingly, it is found that in most cases coupled memory has no essential influence on the form of the limiting distribution. We discuss interesting properties of walks with an infinite mean waiting-time between successive jumps. Our results are summarized in Table I. KEY WORDS: Random walks; coupled memory; asymptotic distributions; L'evystable distributions. 1 INTRODUCTION A continuous-time random walk (CTRW) is a walk with random waiting-times T i between successive random jumps R i . This notion was introduced in a pap..

On the Equivalence of the Parallel Channel and the Correlated Cluster Relaxation Models

The question of the origins of nonexponential relaxation is addressed in terms of the probabilistic approach to relaxation. The interconnection between two differently rooted probabilistic models, i.e., between the parallel channel and the correlated cluster models is presented. We show that clearly different probabilistic origins yield in both approaches a well-defined class of universally valid two power laws responses with the stretched exponential and exponential decay laws as special cases. The equivalence of both models indicates that variations in the local environment of the relaxing configurational units (parallel channel relaxation) can provide a basis for self-similar relaxation dynamics without the need for hierarchically constrained dynamics (correlated clusters relaxation). KEY WORDS: Universal Relaxation Law, General Relaxation Equation, L'evy-stable distribution, Mittag-Leffler distribution, Burr distribution. 1 INTRODUCTION Empirical evidence has accumulated over the ..

On the Cole-Cole Relaxation Function and Related Mittag-Leffler Distribution

In the framework of the one-dimensional Fractal Time Random Walk (FTRW) relaxation model, we rigorously show that the frequency domain response takes, in both nonbiased and biased walks, the only possible Cole-Cole form. The underlying reason for this is the specific form of the relaxation function (the survival probability of a relaxing system) determined in this model by the Mittag-Leffler distribution. We provide also analytical formulas for the propagators of the nonbiased and biased FTRWs. Keywords: PACS: 05.40.+j; relaxation; random walks; L'evy-stable distributions; 1 Introduction One of the most characteristic features of dynamical phenomena in complex condensed-matter systems is the nonexponential character of relaxation as a function of time [1--4]. It is a striking fact that, despite the variety of materials used and of experimental techniques employed, the "anomalous" relaxation behavior is very similar. On the basis of experimental observations, the following general char..