The role of lipids and fatty acid metabolism in the development of prostate cancer

The reprogramming of lipid metabolism and signaling pathways is the central aspect of cancer biology. It is hypothesized that tumor cells can alter the lipid spectrum in order to fulfill their metabolic requirements. Furthermore, they can alter potential tumors and suppressive mechanisms in which lipids' involvement is essential. Recently, more attentions have been given on the alteration of lipid metabolism during prostate cancer development, and investigations have shown unique regulation of "de novo" lipid synthesis in cancer cells. Cancer cells often use newer pathways and enzymes to simplify the synthesis of fatty acids, and the newly synthesized lipids affect cellular processes, which impacts cancer cell proliferation and survival outcomes. Herein, we aimed to study the influence of lipid profile alterations on the development of prostate cancer. We found that the total amounts of lipids and phospholipids were increased within tissues from men with the malignant prostate tumor as compared with the benign prostate tissue. Significant changes were also observed in the composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids within the malignant tumor tissues. Intensification of lipid peroxidation has also been observed in malignant prostate tumors compared to benign prostate tumors. Collectively, these findings further highlights the fact that lipid and fatty acids play unique regulatory roles in the cellular development of prostate malignant transformation

Blood formed elements of the women with uterine tumors as one of the criterion for assessment of severity of the pathology

268-275The indicators for structural analysis of blood formed elements are prominent in the assessment of pathologies, diagnostics and the degree. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ongoing alterations that reflect on the structural characteristics of blood formed elements based on the hormonal imbalance among menopausal women with uterine tumors. Blood samples from the women with benign (n=20), malignant (n=20) uterine tumors, and healthy menopausal women (control, n=20) were used. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for the quantitative determination of hormones. The blood formed elements ultrastructure observations were conducted using transmission electron microscope. Compared to control (33.8±0.7 pg/mL), estradiol level was higher in benign (45.7±0.9 pg/mL) and malignant (70.7±3.7 pg/mL) cases (P< 0.001). Similar pattern was noted in testosterone levels [control=0.38±0.03 ng/mL, benign=0.55±0.04 ng/mL (P< 0.01), malignant=1.56±0.14 ng/mL (P< 0.001)] was higher in malignant cases. In contrast, progesterone levels were decreased in the disease cases [control=0.93±0.05 ng/mL, benign=0.44±0.003 ng/mL, malignant=0.31±0.02 ng/ml (P< 0.001)]. Assessments of the morphologic structure of erythrocytes revealed pathological forms of erythrocytes (poikilocytosis) in case of benign, as well as in malignant tumors. particularly target cells (codocytes), hamlet cells, teardrop cells (dacrocytes), sickle cell (drepanocytes) erythrocytes. Using ELISA and transmission electron microscopy our results demonstrate that in case of malignant uterine tumor quantitative/structural changes occur in blood formed elements indicating ongoing alterations in hormonal imbalance. Assessing these changes in structural characteristics would be useful in examining uterine pathologies and subsequent treatment plans

Alterations in physicochemical characteristics of blood plasma in men with prostate tumors

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men worldwide. Therefore, identification of specific biomarkers for early dignosis are crucial prerequisites for efficient treatment of patients. We investigated alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of blood plasma proteins from men with prostate tumors, and its diagnostic significance with the identified alterations. Blood plasma of patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BHP), BHP with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) regions and Cancer of Prostate (CaP) were used. Spectroscopic and SDS-PAGE methodologies were utilized for examining alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of blood plasma proteins. Relationship between alterations of the first-peak fluorescence intensities and prostate tumor progression was observed. Also, increased intensity of the second-peak corresponding to nicotinamide co-enzymes (NADH and NADPH) was noted in BHP-with-HGPIN and CaP specimens. The main peak maximum (Td) was observed at 66-67°C in BHP plasma and at 63-64°C in BHP-with-HGPIN regions and CaP. In BHP and BHP-with-HGPIN regions, an arm was noted at 70-71°С. The portions of thermostable proteins (acute phase proteins) were increased and modified proteins were formed in plasmas during the malignant transformation. Recorded fluorescence spectra allowed to differentiate prostate tumors and determine the disease progression. Differential scanning calorimetry markedly differentiated benign BHP-with-HGPIN regions and CaP, which shows the diagnostic importance of the method

Hormonal status and distribution of the ABO system phenotypic groups in menopausal and postmenopausal women with breast tumors

93-100Breast cancer is one of the most frequent neoplastic diseases within the female population worldwide. Hormonal imbalance and the ABO system group antigens are among the numerous risk-factors which provoke the development of breast benign and malignant tumors. Here, we have investigated the following sex-steroid hormones: estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T)), non-sex hormones (thyroxin (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL), and the distribution of the ABO system phenotypic groups in the menopausal and postmenopausal women with breast tumors (benign, malignant). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for quantitative determination of hormones. The immune-serological methods were used for investigation of the ABO system phenotypic groups. Our present investigations in menopausal and postmenopausal women with breast tumors have revealed significantly higher expression of sex-steroid hormone estradiol, but decreased progesterone, and also significantly increased testosterone levels. Thyroid gland revealed hypofunction, which confirms the decrease of thyroxin, and increase of prolactin and TSH in the blood. According to our findings, carriers of A(II) phenotypic groups showed high risk for breast tumors development in women during both stages, menopausal and postmenopausal

Hormonal status and distribution of the ABO system phenotypic groups in menopausal and postmenopausal women with breast tumors

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent neoplastic diseases within the female population worldwide. Hormonal imbalance and the ABO system group antigens are among the numerous risk-factors which provoke the development of breast benign and malignant tumors. Here, we have investigated the following sex-steroid hormones: estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T)), non-sex hormones (thyroxin (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL), and the distribution of the ABO system phenotypic groups in the menopausal and postmenopausal women with breast tumors (benign, malignant). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for quantitative determination of hormones. The immune-serological methods were used for investigation of the ABO system phenotypic groups. Our present investigations in menopausal and postmenopausal women with breast tumors have revealed significantly higher expression of sex-steroid hormone estradiol, but decreased progesterone, and also significantly increased testosterone levels. Thyroid gland revealed hypofunction, which confirms the decrease of thyroxin, and increase of prolactin and TSH in the blood. According to our findings, carriers of A(II) phenotypic groups showed high risk for breast tumors development in women during both stages, menopausal and postmenopausal

Blood formed elements of the women with uterine tumors as one of the criterion for assessment of severity of the pathology

The indicators for structural analysis of blood formed elements are prominent in the assessment of pathologies, diagnostics and the degree. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ongoing alterations that reflect on the structural characteristics of blood formed elements based on the hormonal imbalance among menopausal women with uterine tumors. Blood samples from the women with benign (n=20), malignant (n=20) uterine tumors, and healthy menopausal women (control, n=20) were used. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used for the quantitative determination of hormones. The blood formed elements ultrastructure observations were conducted using transmission electron microscope. Compared to control (33.8±0.7 pg/mL), estradiol level was higher in benign (45.7±0.9 pg/mL) and malignant (70.7±3.7 pg/mL) cases (P&lt; 0.001). Similar pattern was noted in testosterone levels [control=0.38±0.03 ng/mL, benign=0.55±0.04 ng/mL (P&lt; 0.01), malignant=1.56±0.14 ng/mL (P&lt; 0.001)] was higher in malignant cases. In contrast, progesterone levels were decreased in the disease cases [control=0.93±0.05 ng/mL, benign=0.44±0.003 ng/mL, malignant=0.31±0.02 ng/ml (P&lt; 0.001)]. Assessments of the morphologic structure of erythrocytes revealed pathological forms of erythrocytes (poikilocytosis) in case of benign, as well as in malignant tumors. particularly target cells (codocytes), hamlet cells, teardrop cells (dacrocytes), sickle cell (drepanocytes) erythrocytes. Using ELISA and transmission electron microscopy our results demonstrate that in case of malignant uterine tumor quantitative/structural changes occur in blood formed elements indicating ongoing alterations in hormonal imbalance. Assessing these changes in structural characteristics would be useful in examining uterine pathologies and subsequent treatment plan