375 research outputs found
Linear Response Calculations of Lattice Dynamics in Strongly Correlated Systems
We introduce a new linear response method to study the lattice dynamics of
materials with strong correlations. It is based on a combination of dynamical
mean field theory of strongly correlated electrons and the local density
functional theory of electronic structure of solids. We apply the method to
study the phonon dispersions of a prototype Mott insulator NiO. Our results
show overall much better agreement with experiment than the corresponding local
density predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Biomechanical analysis of parameters influencing pressure-volume relationship in the human eye
Purpose: To study the effects of different mechanical properties of the sclera and the cornea, such as their anisotropy, non-uniformity, and deflections in their spherical shapes on pressure-volume relationship.
Methods: Correlations between the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the intraocular volume (IOV) were found for spherical and ellipsoidal orthotropic layers by means of 3D-theory of elasticity. Subsequently, the corneoscleral shell of the eye was modeled as a conjugated shell consisting of two segments. The sclera and the cornea are generally assumed to be the parts of the orthotropic elliptic shells with different geometrical and mechanical properties. Relationship between IOP and IOV was obtained for three mechanical models with following problem statements: 1) sclera and cornea are assumed to be soft shells; 2) sclera and cornea are supposedto be orthotropic shells with small modules of elasticity in the thickness direction; for this model calculations were made due to applied shell theory by Chernykh; 3) sclera and cornea are modeled as 3D elastic solids with FEM/ANSYS (ANSYS, Inc.,Canonsburg, PA). The calculations were performed for different sets of parameters for all three mechanical models and were compared to clinical data.
Results: Transversal isotropic shells of revolution of different shapes (modelling the sclera) with equal initial volumes showed linear pressure-volume relationship, while proportionality factor (K) is minimal for a spherical shell (emmetropic eye).If the ratio of the axial length (AL) and the equatorial diameter of the shell (D) increases (the case of a shell modelling a myopic eye), then factor K increases up to 5-10%. If the ratio AL/D decreases (for a shell modelling a hyperopic eye), then factorK starkly increases up to 100%. The same effect was observed for the 2-segments model.
Conclusions: Both the orthotropic properties of the sclera (the ratio of two tangential modules of elasticity) and the non-uniformity of the sclera have a significant effect on the character of the pressure-volume relationship and, thus, on the rigidity of the human eye. Geometric and elastic properties of the cornea also affect the relationship, although to the less extent
Quantum impurity solvers using a slave rotor representation
We introduce a representation of electron operators as a product of a
spin-carry ing fermion and of a phase variable dual to the total charge (slave
quantum rotor). Based on this representation, a new method is proposed for
solving multi-orbital Anderson quantum impurity models at finite interaction
strength U. It consists in a set of coupled integral equations for the
auxiliary field Green's functions, which can be derived from a controlled
saddle-point in the limit of a large number of field components. In contrast to
some finite-U extensions of the non-crossing approximation, the new method
provides a smooth interpolation between the atomic limit and the weak-coupling
limit, and does not display violation of causality at low-frequency. We
demonstrate that this impurity solver can be applied in the context of
Dynamical Mean-Field Theory, at or close to half-filling. Good agreement with
established results on the Mott transition is found, and large values of the
orbital degeneracy can be investigated at low computational cost.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure
Complex Landau Ginzburg Theory of the Hidden Order in URu_2Si_2
We develop a Landau Ginzburg theory of the hidden order phase and the local
moment antiferromagnetic phase of URu_2Si_2. We unify the two broken symmetries
in a common complex order parameter and derive many experimentally relevant
consequences such as the topology of the phase diagram in magnetic field and
pressure. The theory accounts for the appearance of a moment under application
of stress and the thermal expansion anomaly across the phase transitions. It
identifies the low energy mode which is seen in the hidden order phase near the
conmensurate wavector (0,0, 1) as the pseudo-Goldstone mode of the approximate
U(1) symmetry.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Pseudogap temperature as a Widom line in doped Mott insulators
The pseudogap refers to an enigmatic state of matter with unusual physical
properties found below a characteristic temperature in hole-doped
high-temperature superconductors. Determining is critical for
understanding this state. Here we study the simplest model of correlated
electron systems, the Hubbard model, with cluster dynamical mean-field theory
to find out whether the pseudogap can occur solely because of strong coupling
physics and short nonlocal correlations. We find that the pseudogap
characteristic temperature is a sharp crossover between different
dynamical regimes along a line of thermodynamic anomalies that appears above a
first-order phase transition, the Widom line. The Widom line emanating from the
critical endpoint of a first-order transition is thus the organizing principle
for the pseudogap phase diagram of the cuprates. No additional broken symmetry
is necessary to explain the phenomenon. Broken symmetry states appear in the
pseudogap and not the other way around.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures and supplementary information; published versio
Thermodynamic Relations in Correlated Systems
Several useful thermodynamic relations are derived for metal-insulator
transitions, as generalizations of the Clausius-Clapeyron and Eherenfest
theorems. These relations hold in any spatial dimensions and at any
temperatures. First, they relate several thermodynamic quantities to the slope
of the metal-insulator phase boundary drawn in the plane of the chemical
potential and the Coulomb interaction in the phase diagram of the Hubbard
model. The relations impose constraints on the critical properties of the Mott
transition. These thermodynamic relations are indeed confirmed to be satisfied
in the cases of the one- and two-dimensional Hubbard models. One of these
relations yields that at the continuous Mott transition with a diverging charge
compressibility, the doublon susceptibility also diverges. The constraints on
the shapes of the phase boundary containing a first-order metal-insulator
transition at finite temperatures are clarified based on the thermodynamic
relations. For example, the first-order phase boundary is parallel to the
temperature axis asymptotically in the zero temperature limit. The
applicability of the thermodynamic relations are not restricted only to the
metal-insulator transition of the Hubbard model, but also hold in correlated
systems with any types of phases in general. We demonstrate such examples in an
extended Hubbard model with intersite Coulomb repulsion containing the charge
order phase.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Thermal and electrical transport in the spin density wave antiferromagnet CaFeAs
We present here measurements of the thermopower, thermal conductivity, and
electrical resistivity of the newly reported compound CaFe4As3. Evidence is
presented from specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements that a
substantial fraction of the Fermi surface survives the onset of spin density
wave (SDW) order at the Neel temperature TN=88 K, and its subsequent
commensurate lockin transition at T2=26.4 K. The specific heat below T2
consists of a normal metallic component from the ungapped parts of the Fermi
surface, and a Bardeen-Cooper- Schrieffer (BCS) component that represents the
SDW gapping of the Fermi surface. A large Kadowaki-Woods ratio is found at low
temperatures, showing that the ground state of CaFe4As3 is a strongly
interacting Fermi liquid. The thermal conductivity of CaFe4As3 is an order of
magnitude smaller than those of conventional metals at all temperatures, due to
a strong phonon scattering. The thermoelectric power displays a sign change
from positive to negative indicating that a partial gap forms at the Fermi
level with the onset of commensurate spin density wave order at T2=26.4 K. The
small value of the thermopower and the enhancements of the resistivity due to
gap formation and strong quasiparticle interactions offset the low value of the
thermal conductivity, yielding only a modest value for the thermoelectric
figure of merit Z < 5x10^-6 1/K in CaFe4As3. The results of ab initio
electronic structure calculations are reported, confirming that the sign change
in the thermopower at T2 is reflected by a sign change in the slope of the
density of states at the Fermi level. Values for the quasiparticle
renormalization are derived from measurements of the specific heat and
thermopower, indicating that as T->0, CaFe4As3 is among the most strongly
correlated of the known Fe-based pnictide and chalcogenide systems.Comment: 8 pages with 5 figure
Ordering of the three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass in magnetic fields
Spin and chirality orderings of the three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass
are studied under magnetic fields in light of the recently developed
spin-chirality decoupling-recoupling scenario. It is found by Monte Carlo
simulations that the chiral-glass transition and the chiral-glass ordered
state, which are essentially of the same character as their zero-field
counterparts, occur under magnetic fields. Implication to experimental phase
diagram is discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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