Drug utilization of antibiotics in post-operative cesarean section inpatients in tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the pattern and rational use of antibiotics in post-operative caesarean section (CS) inpatients in tertiary care teaching hospital, BIMS Belagavi.Methods: This cross sectional prospective observational study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020, prior permission from institutional ethics committee was taken. Detailed data of post-operative caesarean section (CS) inpatients including age, diagnosis, line of management, complications and any adverse effects if occurred during the study was collected and entered in a specially designed proforma and MS word excel and analyzed by descriptive statistics like percentage.Results: Total 100 post-operative caesarean section inpatients were involved in the study. Most common indication for C-section was cephalopelvic disproportion. Average no of antibiotics per prescription was 3.32. Most commonly prescribed antibiotic was cefotaxime (27.71%) followed by gentamycin (25.90%) and metronidazole (24.59%). Majority (90%) of patients who admitted for ≤3 days (66%) had received combination antibiotic i.e., cefotaxime, metronidazole and gentamycin. IV fluids (21.21%) and analgesics (13.13%) were most frequently prescribed concomitant drugs. Majority (97.8%) of patients received parenteral preparation. 306 antibiotics (92.17%) used were from national model list of essential medicines (NLEM) and 332 antibiotics (100%). used were by generic name. Polypharmacy was 7.92.Conclusions: Cefotaxime was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. Most of the antibiotics prescribed was rationally from NLEM and were by generic name

Drug utilization study of antipsychotics among schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective observational study

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year. Demographic data and drug utilization pattern of antipsychotics was collected from the surveyed prescriptions. Using WHO prescribing indicators data was analysed. Results were expressed in percentage.Results: Out of 300 prescriptions analysed, males were 58% and females 42%. Majority of schizophrenia patients were in age group of 15 to 45 years 70.33%. Olanzapine 75% was most common antipsychotic drug prescribed followed by risperidone 10.7%. Haloperidol 9.6%, fluphenazine 3.7% and chlorpromazine 1% were the other antipsychotics prescribed. Atypical antipsychotics 85.7% were commonly prescribed than conventional ones 4.3%. Concomitant drugs prescribed were anticholinergics, antihistaminics, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antiulcer drugs and vitamin B complexes. Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription 3.26.Conclusions: Nowadays atypical antipsychotics are preferred over conventional ones because of their less side effects. Drug utilization study helps in rational usage of drugs important for patient care

Pharmaco epidemiology of drugs used in post-cataract surgery patients in tertiary care hospital

Background: In India cataract is the principal cause of blindness responsible for 62.6% as per national programme for control of blindness survey and as per our knowledge, very few systematically analysed data are available on the drug utilization study pattern of medical intervention for post cataract surgery in India. Hence, the present study was under taken to generate baseline drug use data and analyse various aspects of drug prescribing practices.Methods: This study was conducted in department of ophthalmology BIMS Belagavi. A total of 449 patients’ prescription was analysed prospectively. The data was analysed statistically, and results were expressed as numbers and percentage.Results: A total of 2306 drugs were prescribed for 449 patients who underwent cataract surgery. All patients received topical eye drops includes bromfenac 0.1% eye drop and other one is a fixed drug combination of dexamathasone 0.1% plus ofloxacin 0.3% eye drop. Use of antibiotic in association with sex found to be significant (p- value <0.004). Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.1 and drugs which prescribed in generic name were 60.99% and overall percentage of drugs prescribed by brand name was 38.94% which includes 100% eye drops were prescribed by brand names. Fixed drug combination includes 19.50% and drugs from essential drug list used were 80.49%.Conclusions: Health care providers have to take initiative for rational prescribing keeping in mind that it is not only a matter of national policy but also to wellbeing of individual patient

Study of adverse drug reactions among tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective observational study

Background: The aims of the study was to study adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in a tertiary care hospital and to determine causality, severity and outcome of ADRs.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 6 months. Data was collected from records of TB patients in RNTCP centre of a tertiary care hospital regarding information of patients, drugs used, ADRs. It was evaluated using appropriate scales. Simple descriptive statistics was used for analysis.Results: Out of 37 patients who experienced ADRs, 22 (59.45%) were male and 15 (40.54%) were female. Majority of patients were in the age group of 36 to 45 years (37.83%). 36 (97.3%) patients were diagnosed with pulmonary TB and 1 (2.7%) patient had extra pulmonary TB. Among 37 ADRs gastrointestinal (GI) reactions were most common 11 (29.72%) followed by musculoskeletal 9 (24.32%). Causality assessment showed 19 (51.35%) as probable and 18 (48.65%) ADRs as possible, Severity assessment was 24 (64.8%) reactions were in mild, 10 (27.02%) in moderate and 3 (8.1%) in severe grades. Outcome assessment was 26 (70.3%) patients were recovering from reactions, 9 (24.32%) had recovered and 2 (5.4%) did not recover at the time of reporting.Conclusions: Proper monitoring of ADRs helps in reducing patient’s burden of repeated hospital visits and expense occurring due to admissions. This can be prevented by educating patients about early reporting of ADRs