Induced chemical and physical mutagenic studies in M1 generation of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The seeds of French bean varieties Varun and Waghya were treated with chemical mutagens EMS and SA and physical mutagen gamma rays. M1 generation was raised and studied with respect to different morphological parameters such as germination percentage, seedling height, leaf morphological changes, chlorophyll chimeras, pollen sterility and plant survival percentage at maturity. An increasing trend with an increase in mutagenic concentrations/doses could be recorded for leaf morphological changes, chlorophyll chimeras and pollen sterility while germination percentage, seedling height and plant survival percentage at maturity revealed decreasing trend with increasing mutagenic concentrations/doses.&nbsp

Induction of variability in fatty acid profile in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Among oilseed crops, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the most ancient oilseed known and grown by humans. It has been demonstrated that the oil content of sesame and its fatty acid composition are influenced by the genetic characteristics of variety and environmental factors during oil accumulation. Transgenic, induced mutations, natural mutations, and combining two or more genes for enhanced oil traits have been the approaches used in breeding for improved oil content. The present study aimed to compare five macro mutants of sesame variety JLT-7 with their control in regard to oil content / fatty acid composition. In present investigation seeds of sesame were treated with mutagens and five macro mutants were isolated. The seeds from such mutants and control were subjected to oil extraction by Soxhlet method and the subsequent fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography. Mutagenic treatments tried in present studies have induced variation in oil content and fatty acid composition in oil of different mutants as compared with their control. The mutants revealing enhancement in seed oil content comprised late maturing tall mutant. Some mutants had saturated fatty acids higher than control besides lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. As regards the oleic acid, the high yielding/branched mutant could reveal the highest oleic acid content.Â

Induced mutations in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) affecting seedcoat colour

Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) concentrations of 0 (control), 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15% were applied to dormant seeds of   Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Varun. Mutations affecting seed coat colour were detected in M2 generation. Highest mutation frequency was induced by 0.10% EMS. The seed coat colour mutants showed diverse shades of colour

Mutagenic Efficiency and Effectiveness in Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub.)

SUMMARYMutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, SA and Gamma rays were studied in the two varieties of cluster bean (GE-36 and HR). The mutagenic treatments seeds were tested for lethal dose 50% for all mutagens, separately and the dose at which 50% of seed germination was considered as LD50 values. EMS, SA and Gamma rays produced high frequency as well as a wide spectrum in mutation. The frequency of mutation was high at lower concentration %/dose of mutagen. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency was calculated based on biological damage. In M1 generation based on seed lethality and pollen sterility and M2 generation was carefully screened for various chlorophyll and viable mutation. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency reduced with the increase in dose or concentration. In present investigation SA proved to be effective in two varieties and EMS proved to be more efficient.Key words: Cluster bean, EMS, SA, Gamma rays, chlorophyll mutation Abbreviations: SSP- Seed storage proteins, TDF-total dietary fibre,  EMS- Ethyl methanesulphonate, SA- Sodium azide, GE-36-Golden Early-36 and HR-Harit RaniSunita S. Bhosle and Vijay S. Kothekar. Mutagenic Efficiency and Effectiveness in Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub.). J Phytol 2/6 (2010) 21-2

In vitro Propagation of a Rare Medicinal Plant Abrus laevigatus E. May

AbstractAn efficient protocol was developed for in vitro propagation of Abrus laevigatus E. May. through induction of Plantlets by indirect organogenesis in nodal segment derived callus tissues. Yellowish green, fragile, nodular callus was induced at the cut surface of the nodal segments cultured on MS fortified with 5.0 mg/1 BAP, 0.2 mg/l KIN and 0.1 mg/1 IBA. The callus differentiated into adventitious shoots when it was sub-cultured on to MS supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/1 Kin + 0.5 mg/1 NAA. On an average 6.87 ± 0.26 shoots developed. These micro-shoots were rooted in half-strength MS containing 1.0 mg/1 IBA and the rooted plantlets were transferred to soil after acclimatization. Keywords: Abrus laevigatus E. May, In vitro propagation, Callu

Induced mutagenic frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutants in French bean

M2 generation was raised from EMS, SA and gamma ray treated M1 seeds of French bean varieties Varun and Waghya. M2 generation was screened for the frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations. Chemical mutagens appeared to be more effective in inducing maximum frequencies than physical mutagen in both the varieties. 0.020% concentration of SA induced the highest frequency of chlorophyll mutants in Varun (9.47%) and Waghya (8.29%). Broad spectrum of chlorophyll mutants was recorded in M2 generation. Different chlorophyll mutants obtained in present investigation such as albina, xantha, chlorina and viridis revealed diversity in their frequencies in both the varieties. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants in both the varieties indicated the dominance of chlorina and viridis mutants as compared to albina and xantha

Effects of Sodium Azide on Yield Parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The mutagenic effects of different concentrations of sodium azide (0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03%) on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties Akash and Vishal were investigated. The characters studied include; days of flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and hundred seed weight in M2 and M3 generations. Both negative and positive shifts in mean values were recorded as a result of the chemical treatment. The results indicate the possibilities of evolving higher yield variants through proper selection. Thus, economic traits like days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and hundred seed weight in M3 generation offer scope for selection and improvement. Key words: Chickpea, Mutagenic effects, Sodium azide Mahesh P. Kulthe and Vijay S. Kothekar.  Effects of Sodium Azide on Yield Parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J Phytol 2/3 (2011) 39-42

In vitro Multiplication of Important Medicinal Plant Solanum nigrum L.

AbstractMedicinal plants are the most important source of life saving drugs for the majority of the world’s population. The biotechnological methods are important to select, multiply and conserve the critical genotypes of medicinal plants. In vitro regeneration holds tremendous potential for the production of high quality plant-based medicine. During the present investigations, direct multiple shoot formation Solanum nigrum L. in vitro was recorded with BAP 6 mg/lit and IAA 0.5 mg/lit. Maximum shoot emergence was achieved using nodal segment as explant with BAP 6 mg/lit. and IAA 0.5 mg/lit. The well developed shoots were sub cultured on a rooting medium containing IBA. Plants were multiplied in vitro and hardened successfully.Keywords: Solanum nigrum L. Multiplication, Micropropagatio