European economic integration regional inequalities and the Community budget

In this article we will attempt to analyse the dialectic relation of European economic integration under the prism of the European Union public finance. The course of European integration will be examined via the Community Budget. The vital question in our selected subject, seeking for a persuasive answer, is the relation of economic completion and unequal growth. It is, as we will prove, an ambiguous phenomenon. This ambiguity is consisted in the fact that the European integration process is developed in the base of social oppositions and is determined by the objecting interests of capital and labour. It is impossible to comprehend the European economic and political integration, outside the process of production internationalisation and supranational mechanisms of social classes regulation. In order to enlighten the relation between economy and policy, it is necessary to present extensively the public finances of the Union. Thus, we can achieve the necessary mediation between the European completion and the E.U. budgetary policy. For all the above reasons, we will proceed in a comparative analysis of the Community budget and that of the member states of the E.U. Furthermore, we will proceed to an analytic sectoral structure of the Community budget, where important redeployments in the Community financing are observed. Policies recede, like the Common Rural Policy, and policies are found in rise, as for example the European Regional Policy. We will emphasize in the critical question: how it is possible for the EU, having a budget which hardly comes to the 1% of the GNP of the European Union, to face the problem of regional inequalities, when the national budgets of the member states do usually exceed the 50% of GNP? We will mention the failure of the Intergovernmental Conference for the approval of the European Constitution (Brussels 2003) and the letter sent to the Community Chairman by «6» wealthy countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Holland, Sweden, Austria) countries, which, as a rule, are supporting the Structural Funds of the Union. These countries request to reduce the Community Budget at the 0,8% of European GNP. Our discussion therefore is focused in the relation of the rich North and the poor South. In general, the rich countries, especially after the wreck of Intergovernmental Conference declare the “two speeds Europe”, wishing obviously to “punish” some poor countries like Poland. At this point, is also situated the interest of our own approach. The Community Budget investigation and in extension, his as much as possible increase, can confront the problems of unequal growth and bring a solution to the regional problem in the EU25. The “hard core” of the EU is in opposition to this perspective and counter proposes a “two speeds Europe”. The future seems uncertain.

The European Monetary Union and the Regional Inequalities (?)

In this paper there will be made an attempt for a comparative political and economic evaluation of the European Monetary Union with the criterionof regional inequalities of the European Union. The national and the regional inequalities of the European Union will be analyzed under the framework of the policies of the European Monetary Union. Initially we will examine the regional dimension of the european unification on the basis of the European Union with 15 member-states(EU15).As criteria we select the different levels of economic development of the member-states examining the regional inequalities on a national level.On this basis we observ that the member states converge creating the "hard core of Europe" and the member states diverge from the average level of the development of the European Union determining the countries of "community cohesion". Next we apply the previous criteria to the EU27, in other words it is useful to research the inequalities of the levels of economic development, which result in the European Union, if all the other candidate countries would be able to be taken within the EU of 15 as is today.In the EU of 27 with the basis of per capita GNP exist three groups of countries instead of two as exist today. The first group consists of the present member states of the E15,except for Spain,Greece and Portugal of which the GNP per capita exceeds by 20% the new weighted average of the EU27. the second group consists of the present member states of community cohesion ,i.e. Spain greece and Portugal plus Cyprus,Czechia,and Malta with per capita GNP between 68%(Czechia)and 95%(Spain) of the averege of the EU27. The third group consists of the remaining eight candidate countries with GNP per capita below 40% of the average of the EU27,with the exemption of Slovakia and Hungaria of which the GNP per capita lies between 56%-58% of the average of the EU27. Therefore,the expected expansion with the complex inequalities will result in a big challenge for the European regional policy, and the policy of the economic and social cohesion. First,the expansion will more than double the population of the European Union that lives in regions with GNP per capita below of the 75%of the present average of the EU.This number will raise from 71 million at the present to 174 million of people or different stated from 19% of the total of 15 to 36% of the total of EU27. Second the scale and the size of regional inequalities will be increased. Therefore in 1998 for the less development regions of the EU 15 the per capita GNP was on average 65%of the average of the EU15.With the expansion the GNP per capita of the less development regions of the candidate countries was on the 37% of the average of EU15. Therefore, the co-existence of the poor and rich regions within the eu 27 will make the regional inequalities more complex in this part of the Union which consists of poor countries.We make possibly find ourselves in a new allocation of poverty. Finally,we will attempt to achieve the necessary interventions between the EU15 and the EU27, researching the modern problems of the EU under the expected expansion of the European Union.

The Regional Inequalities in the European Union and the Countries of Community Cohesion (Portugal,Spain,Ireland and Greece)

An attempt will be made, in this article,to analyze the regional inequalities within the European Union emphasizing in the countries of Communty Cohesion and the relationship between North and South.The estimation of regional policy in thi level will be made with the following variables:the deviations from the average community Gross Domestic Product GDP) the annual growth rates og GDP and the level of Unemployment. During the process of European integration it has been observed changes in the classification of the cohesion countries within the European Union.It will be an effort to estimate if these changes have been caused from the policies of the European Union or from the national policies of the member states. The analysis will be made in comparative terms among the supernational policies of the EU and the national policies of countries of community cohesion.

The regional dimensions of the european integration under the expected expansion of the European Union

In this paper it will be made an attempt for a comparative political and economy evaluation of the European Integration with the criterion of regional inequalities of the european Union. The problem of the European Integration will be analyzed on the basis of national and regional inequalities of the European Union. Initially we will examine the regional dimension of the European unification on the asis of the European Union with 15 member-states (EU15). As criteria we select the different levels of economic development of the member-states examining the regional inequalities at national level. On this basis we obsserve that the member states converge creating the "hard core of Europe" and the member states diverge from the average level of the development of the European Union so that determining the countries of "community cohesion". Next we apply the previous criteria to the EU27,in other words it is useful to research the inequalities of the levels of economic development,which rrresult in the European Union,if all the others candidate countries would be able to be taken within the EI of 15 as is today. In the EU of 27 with the basis of per capita GNP exist three groups of countries instead of two as exist today. The first group it consists of the present member-states of the EU15,except Spain,Greece and Portugal of which the GNP per capita exceeds by 20% the new weighted average of the EU27. The second group it consists of the present member states of community cohesion, i.e. Spain Greece and Portugal plus Cyprus,Czechia, and Malta with percapita GNP between 68%(Czechia) and 95% (Spain) of the average of the EU27. The third group it consists of the remaining eight (8) candidate countries with GNP per capita below of the 40% of the average of the EU27, with the exemption of Slovakia and Hungary og which the GNP per capita lies between 56%-58% of the average of the EU27. Therefore, the expected expansion with the complex inequalities, will result a big challenge for the European regional policy, and the policy of the economic and social cohesion. First, the expansion will make more than double the population of the European Union that lives with GNP per capita below of the 75% of the present average of the EU.This number will raise from 71 million at the present to 174 million of people or different stated from 19% of the total of EU15 to 36% of the total of EU27. Second, the scale and the size of regional inequalities will be increased. Therefore, in the 1998 for the less developed regionsn the EU15 the per capita GNPwas an average of the EU15. With the expansion, the GNP per capita of the less developed regions of the candidata countries was on the 37% of the average of EU15. Therefore the co-existence of the poor and rich regions within the EU27 will make the regional inequalities more complex in this part of the Union which consists of poor countries. We may possibly will find ourselves in a new allocation of poverty. Finally, we will attempt to achieve the necessary interventions between the EU15 and the EU27, researching the modern problems of the EU under the expected expansion of the European Union.

The regional dimensions of the european integration under the expected expansion of the European Union

In this paper it will be made an attempt for a comparative political and economy evaluation of the European Integration with the criterion of regional inequalities of the european Union. The problem of the European Integration will be analyzed on the basis of national and regional inequalities of the European Union. Initially we will examine the regional dimension of the European unification on the asis of the European Union with 15 member-states (EU15). As criteria we select the different levels of economic development of the member-states examining the regional inequalities at national level. On this basis we obsserve that the member states converge creating the "hard core of Europe" and the member states diverge from the average level of the development of the European Union so that determining the countries of "community cohesion". Next we apply the previous criteria to the EU27,in other words it is useful to research the inequalities of the levels of economic development,which rrresult in the European Union,if all the others candidate countries would be able to be taken within the EI of 15 as is today. In the EU of 27 with the basis of per capita GNP exist three groups of countries instead of two as exist today. The first group it consists of the present member-states of the EU15,except Spain,Greece and Portugal of which the GNP per capita exceeds by 20% the new weighted average of the EU27. The second group it consists of the present member states of community cohesion, i.e. Spain Greece and Portugal plus Cyprus,Czechia, and Malta with percapita GNP between 68%(Czechia) and 95% (Spain) of the average of the EU27. The third group it consists of the remaining eight (8) candidate countries with GNP per capita below of the 40% of the average of the EU27, with the exemption of Slovakia and Hungary og which the GNP per capita lies between 56%-58% of the average of the EU27. Therefore, the expected expansion with the complex inequalities, will result a big challenge for the European regional policy, and the policy of the economic and social cohesion. First, the expansion will make more than double the population of the European Union that lives with GNP per capita below of the 75% of the present average of the EU.This number will raise from 71 million at the present to 174 million of people or different stated from 19% of the total of EU15 to 36% of the total of EU27. Second, the scale and the size of regional inequalities will be increased. Therefore, in the 1998 for the less developed regionsn the EU15 the per capita GNPwas an average of the EU15. With the expansion, the GNP per capita of the less developed regions of the candidata countries was on the 37% of the average of EU15. Therefore the co-existence of the poor and rich regions within the EU27 will make the regional inequalities more complex in this part of the Union which consists of poor countries. We may possibly will find ourselves in a new allocation of poverty. Finally, we will attempt to achieve the necessary interventions between the EU15 and the EU27, researching the modern problems of the EU under the expected expansion of the European Union

The European Monetary Union and the Regional Inequalities

In this paper there will be made an attempt for a comparative political and economic evaluation of the European Monetary Union with the criterionof regional inequalities of the European Union. The national and the regional inequalities of the European Union will be analyzed under the framework of the policies of the European Monetary Union. Initially we will examine the regional dimension of the european unification on the basis of the European Union with 15 member-states(EU15).As criteria we select the different levels of economic development of the member-states examining the regional inequalities on a national level.On this basis we observ that the member states converge creating the "hard core of Europe" and the member states diverge from the average level of the development of the European Union determining the countries of "community cohesion". Next we apply the previous criteria to the EU27, in other words it is useful to research the inequalities of the levels of economic development, which result in the European Union, if all the other candidate countries would be able to be taken within the EU of 15 as is today.In the EU of 27 with the basis of per capita GNP exist three groups of countries instead of two as exist today. The first group consists of the present member states of the E15,except for Spain,Greece and Portugal of which the GNP per capita exceeds by 20% the new weighted average of the EU27. the second group consists of the present member states of community cohesion ,i.e. Spain greece and Portugal plus Cyprus,Czechia,and Malta with per capita GNP between 68%(Czechia)and 95%(Spain) of the averege of the EU27. The third group consists of the remaining eight candidate countries with GNP per capita below 40% of the average of the EU27,with the exemption of Slovakia and Hungaria of which the GNP per capita lies between 56%-58% of the average of the EU27. Therefore,the expected expansion with the complex inequalities will result in a big challenge for the European regional policy, and the policy of the economic and social cohesion. First,the expansion will more than double the population of the European Union that lives in regions with GNP per capita below of the 75%of the present average of the EU.This number will raise from 71 million at the present to 174 million of people or different stated from 19% of the total of 15 to 36% of the total of EU27. Second the scale and the size of regional inequalities will be increased. Therefore in 1998 for the less development regions of the EU 15 the per capita GNP was on average 65%of the average of the EU15.With the expansion the GNP per capita of the less development regions of the candidate countries was on the 37% of the average of EU15. Therefore, the co-existence of the poor and rich regions within the eu 27 will make the regional inequalities more complex in this part of the Union which consists of poor countries.We make possibly find ourselves in a new allocation of poverty. Finally,we will attempt to achieve the necessary interventions between the EU15 and the EU27, researching the modern problems of the EU under the expected expansion of the European Union

European economic integration regional inequalities and the Community budget

In this article we will attempt to analyse the dialectic relation of European economic integration under the prism of the European Union public finance. The course of European integration will be examined via the Community Budget. The vital question in our selected subject, seeking for a persuasive answer, is the relation of economic completion and unequal growth. It is, as we will prove, an ambiguous phenomenon. This ambiguity is consisted in the fact that the European integration process is developed in the base of social oppositions and is determined by the objecting interests of capital and labour. It is impossible to comprehend the European economic and political integration, outside the process of production internationalisation and supranational mechanisms of social classes regulation. In order to enlighten the relation between economy and policy, it is necessary to present extensively the public finances of the Union. Thus, we can achieve the necessary mediation between the European completion and the E.U. budgetary policy. For all the above reasons, we will proceed in a comparative analysis of the Community budget and that of the member states of the E.U. Furthermore, we will proceed to an analytic sectoral structure of the Community budget, where important redeployments in the Community financing are observed. Policies recede, like the Common Rural Policy, and policies are found in rise, as for example the European Regional Policy. We will emphasize in the critical question: how it is possible for the EU, having a budget which hardly comes to the 1% of the GNP of the European Union, to face the problem of regional inequalities, when the national budgets of the member states do usually exceed the 50% of GNP? We will mention the failure of the Intergovernmental Conference for the approval of the European Constitution (Brussels 2003) and the letter sent to the Community Chairman by «6» wealthy countries (Germany, France, Great Britain, Holland, Sweden, Austria) countries, which, as a rule, are supporting the Structural Funds of the Union. These countries request to reduce the Community Budget at the 0,8% of European GNP. Our discussion therefore is focused in the relation of the rich North and the poor South. In general, the rich countries, especially after the wreck of Intergovernmental Conference declare the "two speeds Europe”, wishing obviously to "punish” some poor countries like Poland. At this point, is also situated the interest of our own approach. The Community Budget investigation and in extension, his as much as possible increase, can confront the problems of unequal growth and bring a solution to the regional problem in the EU25. The "hard core” of the EU is in opposition to this perspective and counter proposes a "two speeds Europe”. The future seems uncertain