2 research outputs found
ENERGY SAVING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT RECIRCULATING COOLING WATER SYSTEMS
This paper deals with the problems of energy saving and environmental aspects (water
consumption, drift emission, noise level) of cooling systems using mechanical draft wet
cooling towers. Graphs have been developed to represent correlation between cooling
performance, size of cooling towers, and fan power requirement for the most common operating range. Tracing of distinct cold water temperature is shown, below which reduction
of fan power is advisable. Generalized charts are presented to provide values on cooling
tower evaporation loss and make-up water demand
COMPORTAMIENTO DE INCUBACI脫N DE CHOROR脫 (TARABA MAJOR) Y CHOCA COM脷N (THAMNOPHILUS CAERULESCENS) EN ARGENTINA
RESUMEN聽鈭櫬燣a familia Thamnophilidae agrupa unas doscientas especies de aves paseriformes. Si bien en los 煤ltimos a帽os se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de la biolog铆a reproductiva de muchas de estas especies, todav铆a hay algunas para las que ciertos par谩metros reproductivos son a煤n desconocidos. Con el presente trabajo contribuimos al conocimiento de la biolog铆a reproductiva del Choror贸 (Taraba major) y la Choca Com煤n (Thamnophilus caerulescens), aportando principalmente datos sobre su comportamiento de incubaci贸n en la provincia de C贸rdoba, Argentina, en el extremo sur de su distribuci贸n. Registramos tama帽o de la puesta, duraci贸n del per铆odo de incubaci贸n y otras variables asociadas al comportamiento de incubaci贸n utilizando sensores remotos y observaciones directas, y medimos crecimiento de pichones en el nido. En las dos especies los adultos compartieron tareas de incubaci贸n, y el porcentaje de atenci贸n diario al nido fue elevado en ambas (T. major: 91,46%; T. caerulescens: 92,52%). El patr贸n de incubaci贸n durante las horas de luz result贸 diferente entre las especies. Para T. major, con el transcurso del d铆a aumento la duraci贸n y disminuy贸 la cantidad de los eventos de incubaci贸n y recesos. En contraposici贸n, para T. caerulescens ambas variables se mantuvieron constantes a lo largo del d铆a. Los datos aportados por este trabajo enriquecen el conocimiento de la biolog铆a reproductiva de especies de tamnof铆lidos poco estudiadas, y sirven de base para investigar respecto a los factores que moldean los comportamientos de cuidado parental en estas aves.聽聽ABSTRACT聽鈭櫬營ncubation behavior of Great Antshrike (Taraba major) and Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) in Argentina The Thamnophilidae family comprises approximately 200 species of passeriforme birds. Even though in the last years there has been advancement in the knowledge of the reproductive biology of many of those species, there are still species for which several reproductive parameters are unknown. With this work we contribute to the knowledge of the reproductive biology of the Great Antshrike (Taraba major) and the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) mainly providing data on their incubation behavior in the province of C贸rdoba, Argentina, corresponding to their southernmost distribution. We recorded clutch size, total duration of the incubation period, and other variables associated with incubation behavior by means of remote sensors and direct observations. In both species, adults shared incubation duties and nest attentiveness was high (T. major: 91.46%; T. caerulescens: 92.52%). The pattern of incubation for daylight hours was different between the species. In the case of T. major, the duration of on and off bouts increased during the course of the day, and the number of bouts decreased. In contrast, for T. caerulescens both variables remained constant throughout the day. The data provided in this study enriches our knowledge of the reproductive biology of understudied Thamnophilidae species, and are useful as baseline information to investigate the factors that shape parental care behaviors in these birds.