12 research outputs found
Carotid ultrasound findings as a predictor of long-term survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a 14-year prospective study
AbstractPurposeSeveral factors have been related to long-term survival after open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The effect of carotid stenosis on outcome has not yet been examined. We performed an open prospective study to evaluate the prognostic significance of carotid stenosis on long-term survival of patients who had undergone elective operative repair of AAA.MethodsTwo hundred eight patients who underwent elective open AAA repair in our department between March 1987 and December 2001 were included in the study. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with color duplex ultrasound (US) scanning of the carotid arteries, and were followed up with clinical examination and carotid duplex US scanning 1 month after the operation and every 6 months thereafter. Median duration of follow-up was 50 months (range, 5-181 months). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as all causes of mortality, were recorded and analyzed with regard to traditional risk factors and carotid US findings.ResultsTwenty-seven fatal and 46 nonfatal cardiovascular events were recorded. Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that carotid stenosis 50% or greater and echolucent plaque were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid stenosis was a stronger predictor of cardiovascular death than was ankle/brachial index. Age, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus were also associated with higher mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular causes.ConclusionPatients electively operated on for AAA repair and with stenosis 50% or greater and echolucent plaque at duplex US scanning are at significantly increased risk for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Carotid US can therefore be used to select a subgroup of patients with AAA who might benefit from medical intervention, including antiplatelet and lipid-lowering agents
Application of adipose-derived stromal cells in fat grafting: Basic science and literature review
Autologous fat is considered the ideal material for soft‑tissue augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The primary drawback of autologous fat grafting is the high resorption rate. The isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue inevitably led to research focusing on the study of combined transplantation of autologous fat and adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and introduced the theory of ʻcell‑assisted lipotransferʼ. Transplantation of ADSCs is a promising strategy, due to the high proliferative capacity of stem cells, their potential to induce paracrine signalling and ability to differentiate into adipocytes and vascular cells. The current study examined the literature for clinical and experimental studies on cell‑assisted lipotransfer to assess the efficacy of this novel technique when compared with traditional fat grafting. A total of 30 studies were included in the present review. The current study demonstrates that cell‑assisted lipotransfer has improved efficacy compared with conventional fat grafting. Despite relatively positive outcomes, further investigation is required to establish a consensus in cell‑assisted lipotransfer
FAK, CD44v6, c-Met and EGFR in colorectal cancer parameters: tumour progression, metastasis, patient survival and receptor crosstalk
Research for reliable and patient-specific markers in colorectal cancer
(CRC) is based on solid evidence that staging alone is not informative
enough. Employing four cellular receptors, we embarked to identify
aggressive tumour behaviour and impact of surrogate marker expression on
patient prognosis.
One-hundred eighty-three CRC patients were enrolled in our investigation
that focused on an array of biological markers, namely epidermal growth
factor receptor (EGFR), c-Met, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and CD44v6.
Tissue samples, clinicopathological data and patient’s follow-up
information were collected, and immunohistochemical assays evaluated the
levels of the aforementioned molecules. All available data were
correlated with tumour grade, stage, patient age, gender and survival.
Expression of all receptors correlated closely with tumour stage (P <
0.01) exhibiting a connection with cancer’s invasiveness and progress.
Survival also proved to depend significantly on molecular expression
(log-rank test for Kaplan-Meier; EGFR P = 0.030, c-Met P = 0.050, FAK P
< 0.001, CD44v6 P < 0.001). Stage, FAK and CD44v6 emerged as independent
predictors of survival in a stepwise regression analysis (FAK P = 0.001
Exp(B) = 2.517, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.704-5.831 and CD44v6
P = 0.005, Exp(B) = 2.299, 95 % CI = 1.287-4.110). T-stage, nodal
metastasis, all metastatic types (N/M) and size correlated with at least
one of the receptors or their co-expression. Notably, increased staining
for each receptor was followed by statistically significant expression
elevation of at least one of the other markers.
Our results suggest that the selected cellular receptors are suitable
for use as biomarkers of survival and tumour progression in CRC.
Furthermore, we provide additional evidence for receptor interaction,
properly clarifying their importance, which could potentially lead to
more effective anti-CRC regimens
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1,3 and caveolin-1 are implicated in colorectal cancer aggressiveness and prognosis-correlations with epidermal growth factor receptor, CD44v6, focal adhesion kinase, and c-Met
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and caveolin-1
have been shown to act both as tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing
proteins in various malignancies as well as in colorectal cancer (CRC),
while VEGFR-3’s lymphagiogenic involvement and connection to tumor
parameters has yielded heterogenic results. This study was designed to
investigate the expression of these molecules in 183 human CRC tissue
specimens and explore their effect in both clinicopathological
parameters and disease prognosis. We also utilize our previous results
regarding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Met, CD44v6, and
focal adhesion kinase, in an attempt to further clarify their distinct
role in tumor prognosis and their crosstalk. Caveolin-1 was more freely
distributed in the neoplasms of the right colon and restricted towards
the left and the rectal cancer samples (p = 0.022); VEGFR-3 was
associated with higher nodal metastasis’ status (p = 0.001) and staging
(p = 0.006), and loss of VEGFR-1 predicted distant metastasis (p =
0.026) and advanced stage (p = 0.049). Prompted by previous reports, we
performed all analyses also in the patient group of early (I and II)
tumor stage where it was evident that VEGFR-1 was more frequently
expressed in patients under 60 years old (p = 0.014) and VEGFR-3 was
significantly elevated in left colon cancers (p = 0.039) and female
patients (p = 0.038). Within the advanced stage (III and IV), the
absence of VEGFR-1 exhibited a tendency for higher M status (p = 0.067)
and lack of caveolin-1 signified worse AJCC classification (p = 0.053).
Additionally, patient survival was influenced from VEGFR-3 (p = 0.019)
for the whole sample, whereas subgroup analyses provided a correlation
between caveolin-1 expression and improved survival in the early
detection group of patients (p = 0.022). Using Cox regression for all
available markers, EGFR, CD44v6, and VEGFR-1 emerged in this study as
potential surrogate markers, the latter having positive prognostic
significance. We further explored the multiple receptor correlations
that were identified
Prognostic significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling axis molecules and E-cadherin in colorectal cancer
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway has
been considered both a tumor suppressor and a cancer promoter.
Additionally, downregulation of cell adhesion molecules such as
E-cadherin plays an important role in the metastatic potential of
colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate
TGF-beta, TGF-beta type I receptor (TGF-beta R1), TGF-beta type II
receptor (TGF-beta R2), Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin expression in
colorectal carcinoma and to correlate the obtained data with other
standard prognostic parameters, such as disease stage, metastases, and
patient survival. TGF-beta, TGF-beta R1, TGF-beta R2, Smad4, pSmad2/3,
and E-cadherin expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 195
unrelated CRC specimens and the results subjected to various statistical
analyses. TGF-beta was expressed in 71.28%, TGF-beta R1 in 61.0%,
TGF-beta R2 in 54.4%, Smad4 in 61.5%, pSmad2/3 in 71.3%, and
E-cadherin in 50.26% of the colorectal carcinoma samples tested. The
correlation of immunoexpression with the clinicopathological parameters
of CRC revealed that the high expression of TGF-beta and low expression
of TGF-beta R1, TGF-beta R2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin were
correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of disease. High
TGF-beta expression and low TGF-beta R1, TGF-beta R2, Smad4, and
pSmad2/3 expression were also correlated with lymph node metastasis. The
Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated a clear association of
cancer-specific overall survival with high TGF-beta, as well as low
TGF-beta R1, TGF-beta R2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin expression.
Our results suggest that TGF-beta, TGF-beta R1, TGF-beta R2, Smad4,
pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin are closely related to TNM stage of CRC.
Moreover, TGF-beta, TGF-beta R2, Smad4, pSmad2/3, and E-cadherin emerge
as valuable independent biomarkers of prognosis in CRC patients
TGF-beta signalling in colon carcinogenesis
Colorectal cancer remains the most common cancer and the second leading
cause of cancer mortality in Europe. There are a number of pathways that
have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis, including TGF-beta
(TGF-beta)/Smad signalling pathway. The TGF-beta pathway is involved in
several biological processes, including cell proliferation,
differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Here we review the role of
TGF-beta signalling cascade in colorectal carcinogenesis and provide
some new molecular insights that may aid efforts towards targeted
antitumor therapies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Correlation between oxidative stress and immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients with an uneventful postoperative course and stable renal function
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators of
cellular damage and lipid peroxidation is the most important expression
of ROS-induced oxidative stress. Recent studies have suggested that
increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are a consequence of
specific immunosuppressive therapies. This study aims at investigating
the relation between oxidative stress and immunosuppressive therapies in
renal transplant patients with stable renal function and uneventful
postoperative course.
Methods The study group included 26 renal patients. Two groups of renal
transplant recipients, treated with a different combination of
immunosuppressive agents were studied (Group A: CyA, MMF, Steroids and
Basiliximab, Group B: Tacrolimus, MMF, Steroids and Daclizumab). All
patients had an uneventful postoperative course. Plasma MDA levels were
measured before transplantation, 1 and 6 months after. Plasma
concentration of endogenous creatinine (Cr) was used as a measure of
stable renal function.
Results Levels of MDA were increased before the transplantation in all
renal patients (MDA: 7.81 +/- 4.81, normal levels: 2.23-1.08 nmol/ml, P
< 0.05). Combined therapy with CYA was associated with high values of
MDA at 6 months measurement after transplantation. However this tendency
of increased MDA levels did not achieve a statistical significance
(Group A: 6.97 vs. 9.06 nmol/ml, P > 0.05). On the contrary,
statistically significant diminution of MDA levels was observed in Group
B patients (Tacrolimus-MMF-steroids) at 6 months measurement after
transplantation. (Group B: 8.61 vs. 4.11 nmol/ml, P < 0.02 < 0.05).
Conclusions Immunosuppressive combined therapy with CyA was associated
with the high values of MDA that were measured posttransplantly. Our
study provides strong evidence that Tacrolimus is significantly
associated with improved free radical metabolism
The role of liquid-based cytology in the investigation of colorectal lesions: a cytohistopathological correlation and evaluation of diagnostic accuracy
Background amd aims: The role of cytologic techniques is not widely
accepted even if it is well documented that the cytologic investigation
of colorectal tract could complement the biopsy and increase the correct
diagnosis of carcinomas. This study aims to evaluate the role of
Thin-Prep (R) liquid-based cytology in the investigation of colorectal
lesions.
Materials and methods: We compared the diagnostic accuracy of Thin-Prep
(R) with that of biopsy in 158 patients with signs and symptoms of the
lower gastrointestinal tract. Each patient underwent colonoscopy,
followed by tissue biopsy and brush cytology. Brushing material was
obtained and prepared according to the operating manual of Thin-Prep
(R).
Results: The rate of unsatisfactory smears was 5% (8/158) with
liquid-based technique and appeared to be slightly higher than the
respective of biopsy [3.2% (5/158) (5 vs 3.2%, P = 0.18)]. Based on
the final diagnosis, 89 out of 93 total malignant cases and 53 out of 53
total benign cases were correctly diagnosed with Thin-Prep (R) technique
(four false negatives). Accurate diagnosis with biopsy was performed in
87 out of 93 total malignant cases and 53 out of 53 total benign cases
with biopsy (six false negatives). Neither in Thin-Prep (R) technique
nor in biopsy were false-positive cases observed. The sensitivities of
detecting malignancy by Thin-Prep (R) and biopsy were 95.7, and 93.5%,
respectively (no significant difference, P = 0.239). The sensitivity was
augmented (98.9%) when the two techniques were combined, and this
difference was found to be statistically significant (98.9 vs 92.9, P =
0.01, and 98.9 vs 95.7, P = 0.039).
Conclusions: Liquid-based cytology appears to be an easy, highly
accurate, and reliable cytologic method for the diagnostic approach of
colorectal diseases and could be applied as complementary to biopsy for
the improvement of the diagnosis. Moreover, could be used for DNA ploidy
analysis and immmunohistochemical studies
Application of adipose-derived stromal cells in fat grafting: Basic science and literature review (Review)
Autologous fat is considered the ideal material for soft-tissue
augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The primary drawback
of autologous fat grafting is the high resorption rate. The isolation of
mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue inevitably led to research
focusing on the study of combined transplantation of autologous fat and
adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and introduced the theory of
`cell-assisted lipotransfer'. Transplantation of ADSCs is a promising
strategy, due to the high proliferative capacity of stem cells, their
potential to induce paracrine signalling and ability to differentiate
into adipocytes and vascular cells. The current study examined the
literature for clinical and experimental studies on cell-assisted
lipotransfer to assess the efficacy of this novel technique when
compared with traditional fat grafting. A total of 30 studies were
included in the present review. The current study demonstrates that
cell-assisted lipotransfer has improved efficacy compared with
conventional fat grafting. Despite relatively positive outcomes, further
investigation is required to establish a consensus in cell-assisted
lipotransfer