HL-LHC IT String integration drawings

Different drawings of SM18, the string structure and its components. SM18 is CERN main facility for testing superconducting accelerator magnets and superconducting RF cavities

HL-LHC IT String team visit to LHC Point 5 (CMS) in Cessy, France

In December 2021, the HL-LHC IT String team together with Natacha Lopez, SCE-PPM group leader, visited the CMS detector, called also LHC Point 5, in Cessy in France . They visited the underground galleries where the IT String equipment, currently based in SM18, will be installed in 2022

Reverse Engineering, a key and challenging step before the integration studies for old accelerators at CERN

The accelerators constituting the LHC injectors chain have been gradually built and commissioned since the CERN foundation in the fifties. The operation of the Proton Synchrotron, the Proton Synchrotron Booster and the Super Proton Synchrotron started in 1959, 1972 and 1976 respectively. During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) of the CERN accelerator complex in 2019 and 2020, a large upgrade of these machines has been performed in the context of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) Project and consolidation programme. This paper presents the process of reverse engineering performed by the Integration Office within 3D CAD environment during the preparation phase of the LS2 to allow the spatial integration studies of the upgrades and ensure the reliability of the installations. It describes the methodologies and technologies used from 2D drawings to 3D models and data consistency check processes in accordance with reality. Process remains ongoing to treat the enormous quantity of data

La musique n'a pas d'auteur

À l’heure où la propriété intellectuelle fait l’objet d’un large débat en France, et à l’échelle de différentes organisations internationales, comment se cristallise-t-elle dans différentes sociétés du monde ? Ce numéro interroge les notions clés liées au copyright et à la création, à partir d’analyses centrées sur la musique. Il rappelle les conditions historiques d’émergence des notions d’œuvre et d’auteur et la difficulté soulevée par leur extension à d'autres cadres culturels. Les études rassemblées dans ce numéro constituent des "ethnographies du copyright", au sens où chacune tente, à sa manière, de suivre au plus près les principes vernaculaires de la propriété des idées musicales. Elles détaillent pour cela des situations de performance, des marchés conclus ou des mésententes, dans leurs spécificités culturelles, mais aussi dans leur confrontation aux principes et pratiques, désormais mondialisés, de la propriété intellectuelle. Acheter ce numéro en lign

Upgrade of the CERN Superconducting Magnet Test Facility

Abstract: The superconducting magnet test facility at CERN has hosted the series test of the majority of the LHC magnets. The facility has evolved, and is presently divided in two main areas: a vertical test facility, equipped with three vertical cryostats, and a horizontal test facility, with ten feedboxes for test of cryostated magnets in horizontal position. The test demands from construction projects, such as the high-luminosity LHC, or design studies, such as the future circular collider, are calling for a further upgrade. The new accelerator magnet technology based on Nb3 Sn and HTS superconductors, and the demand for higher bore field, result in high current (up to 30 kA), large cold mass dimensions (up to 1 m diameter), and increased stored energy (up to 1.5 MJ/m). To meet the new demands, two new vertical cryostats with their associated ancillary equipment are being built, and one horizontal test stand is being upgraded for operation at higher current. In addition, an upgrade of the cryogenic plant and services is planned to absorb the additional test needs. The paper gives the input parameters for the upgrade of the magnet test stations and the main characteristics of the new equipment

The Inner Triplet String Facility for HL-LHC: Design and Planning

In the framework of the HL-LHC project, full-scale integration and operational tests of the superconducting magnet chain, from the inner triplet quadrupoles up to the first separation/recombination dipole, are planned in conditions as similar as possible to the final set-up in the LHC tunnel. The IT String includes all of the required systems for operation at nominal conditions, such as vacuum, cryogenics, warm and cold powering equipment, and protection systems. The IT String is intended to be both an assembly, and an integration test stand, and a full rehearsal of the systems working in unison. It will, closely reproducing the mechanical, electrical, and thermo-hydraulic interfaces of the final installation, as well as allowing a full rehearsal of the systems working in unison. This paper describes the conceptual design, the test stand’s reference configuration, and the main goals. It also summarizes the status of the main activities, including the detailed design of the test infrastructure, procurement of main equipment, the baseline installation schedule, and major milestones. The first version of the experimental program and the associated planning are also presented

A New Cryogenic Test Facility for Large and Heavy Superconducting Magnets

CERN has recently designed and constructed a new cryogenic facility for testing large and heavy superconducting magnets at liquid helium temperatures. The facility, erected in a large assembly hall with cranes capable of up to 100 t, provides a cooling capacity of 1.2 kW at 4.5 K equivalent, 15-kW LN$_2$ cooling and warming capabilities for up to three magnets in parallel. The facility provides the required technical infrastructure for continuous and reliable operation. Test capabilities comprise electrical, cryogenics, vacuum and mechanical verification, and validation at ambient and liquid helium temperatures. A comprehensive survey and magnetic measurement system, comprising a hall-probe mapper, a rotating-coil magnetometer, a stretched wire, a translating fluxmeter, and a laser tracker, allows the detailed measurement of the magnetic field strength and quality on a large volume. The magnetic axes of the quadrupoles can be established within $\pm 0.2$ mm at $1 \sigma$ accuracy. The facility has been equipped with power supplies, three converters of $\pm 500$ A/120 V, and six converters of $\pm 600$ A/40 V, as well as the required energy extraction, quench protection, data acquisition, and interlocks for the testing of superconducting magnets for the FAIR project, currently under construction at the GSI Research Center, in Darmstadt, Germany. The versatile design of the facility, its layout, and testing capabilities complements CERN's other test infrastructures for large superconducting magnets. We report on the design, construction, and commissioning of the facility as well as the expected capabilities and performances for future tests of large and heavy superconducting magnets

Performance(s)

Dans le monde anglophone, les performance studies sont depuis longtemps un domaine à part entière de l’anthropologie de la musique et des arts scéniques (en anglais : performing arts). C’est grâce aux travaux de Richard Schechner, de Victor Turner ou, pour ce qui est de la musique, de Bruno Nettl que la discipline a acquis ses lettres de noblesse. Or le concept a tardé à s’imposer parmi les chercheurs francophones, probablement en raison de l’ambiguïté que comporte en français le terme même de « performance ». En effet, celui-ci définit l’exploit d’un athlète ou la prouessea d’une machine aussi bien que l’acte de « mettre en jeu », d’interpréter une pièce d’un corpus ou une œuvre d’un répertoire, qu’il s’agisse de poésie, de musique, de danse ou de théâtre. La diversité des approches, des situations et des champs musicaux abordés dans cet ouvrage montre bien que cette mise en jeu – qui implique aussi souvent une mise en scène – prend des formes très variées, déterminées en fonction du contexte culturel et événementiel dans lequel elle se produit, de l’assistance à laquelle elle est destinée et, évidemment, de la finalité de la performance

NOTCH3 p.Arg1231Cys is markedly enriched in South Asians and associated with stroke

Acknowledgements: Supported by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource (project 26041). The authors thank everyone who made this work possible, particularly the UK Biobank team, their funders, the professionals from the member institutions who contributed to and supported this work, and most especially the UK Biobank participants, without whom this research would not be possible. The exome sequencing was funded by the UK Biobank Exome Sequencing Consortium (Bristol Myers Squibb, Regeneron, Biogen, Takeda, Abbvie, Alnylam, AstraZeneca and Pfizer). Ethical approval for the UK Biobank was previously obtained from the North West Center for Research Ethics Committee (11/NW/0382). Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article.The genetic factors of stroke in South Asians are largely unexplored. Exome-wide sequencing and association analysis (ExWAS) in 75 K Pakistanis identified NM_000435.3(NOTCH3):c.3691 C > T, encoding the missense amino acid substitution p.Arg1231Cys, enriched in South Asians (alternate allele frequency = 0.58% compared to 0.019% in Western Europeans), and associated with subcortical hemorrhagic stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [2.26, 5.10], p = 3.87 × 10−9), and all strokes (OR [CI] = 2.30 [1.77, 3.01], p = 7.79 × 10−10). NOTCH3 p.Arg231Cys was strongly associated with white matter hyperintensity on MRI in United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) participants (effect [95% CI] in SD units = 1.1 [0.61, 1.5], p = 3.0 × 10−6). The variant is attributable for approximately 2.0% of hemorrhagic strokes and 1.1% of all strokes in South Asians. These findings highlight the value of diversity in genetic studies and have major implications for genomic medicine and therapeutic development in South Asian populations

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk