Development of probabilistic and statistical models for evaluation of oil and gas potential of Tl2-b and Bb reservoirs of Pozhvinskiy sector

The necessity to apply probabilistic and statistical methods for evaluation of oil and gas potential of small-size local structures is substantiated. The existing large amount of geological and geophysical data on the characteristics of structures is a good basis to use probabilistic and statistical methods to forecast their oil and gas potential. The paper presents a methodology for predicting the oil and gas potential of local structures by probabilistic and statistical methods on the Pozhvinskiy sector for Tl2-b and Bb reservoirs. Geological and geophysical parameters that control the oil and gas potential of local structures are analyzed. Those parameters are as follows: altitudes on the roof of layers Tl2-b, Bb, net oil-bearing thickness of Tl2-b, Bb, net reservoir thickness Tl2-b, Bb, interval time between reflecting layers 2K-2P – dT2K-2P, interval velocities between layers 2K-2P – V2K-2P, interval time between reflecting layers 3-2K – dT3-2K, interval velocities between layers 3-2K. Informativeness of each parameter was determined on reference sectors with determined oil and gas potential and sectors that have deep wells but oil and gas potential is unknown. To solve the prediction problems, it is necessary to comprehensively take into account all the considered informative parameters considering the contribution of each parameter to the final result. The complex Pcom criterion which estimates the oil and gas potential for a set of parameters was used for that purposes. Oil and gas content is evaluated by the developed method over the entire study area by constructing maps of equal probabilities. Minimum, maximum and average Pcom values for Tl2-b and Bb reservoirs are calculated within the contours of local structures. The work resulted in an evaluation of the oil and gas potential of the structures for Tl2-b and Bb reservoirs. As a result of analysis, it is established that Bezgodovskaya and Ryabovskaya b structures within the Pozhvinskiy sector are the most promising ones in terms of oil and gas potential

Analytical approximation of spectrum for pulse X-ray tubes

Among the main characteristics of the pulsed X-ray apparatuses the spectral energy characteristics are the most important ones: the spectral distribution of the photon energy, effective and maximum energy of quanta. Knowing the spectral characteristics of the radiation of pulse sources is very important for the practical use of them in non-destructive testing. We have attempted on the analytical approximation of the pulsed X-ray apparatuses spectra obtained in the different experimental papers. The results of the analytical approximation of energy spectrum for pulse X-ray tube are presented. Obtained formulas are adequate to experimental data and can be used by designing pulsed X-ray apparatuses

Synthesis of α-aminophosphine oxides with chiral phosphorus and carbon atoms

Lipophilic α-aminophosphine oxides are good extractants for liquid and membrane extraction. Optically active α-aminophosphine oxides, containing chiral centers in their structure, can provide selective means for transfer of stereoisomers through supported liquid membranes. We have developed a method for synthesis of such carrier compounds based on a three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Oil recovery forecast during reevaluation of visean clastic deposits reserves of north-east Volga-Ural oil and gas province

It is statistically proved that in the context of geological information uncertainty reliable prompt statistical evaluation of oil recovery factor (ORF) is helpful. It is especially relevant in case of design and specification of oil recovery from the developing field at the stage of prospecting and exploration planning. The bases for such express evaluation are geological and technological conditions of field development. The analysis of implementation reliability of existing models for oil recovery factor evaluation was done for Visean producing deposits at North-East part of Volga-Ural oil and gas province. Implementation possibilities of the methods were analyzed taking into account scenarios of natural depletion and pressure maintenance for Visean producing deposits. Calculation results show significant deviation of theoretical oil recovery from approved values in design project. The methodology for oil recovery factor evaluation was developed and adopted to the actual conditions of development of Volga-Ural oil and gas province (OGP). It is proved that analysis have to be done separately for the fields at natural depletion and pressure maintenance (PM) stages. Geological and technological informative parameters that influence final oil recovery were determined thanks to statistical processing methods. Oil recovery forecast was done based on multi-dimensional law, where arguments are geological and technological development parameters. In order to simplify its use in practice laws are built in two types in accordance with geological state of knowledge. In the first case only geological parameters represent initial information. That allows performing forecast evaluation of the field oil recovery while its exploration. In the second case technological parameters of development are considered as well. That allows most likely forecasting geological and exploration works. Obtained models significantly specify oil recovery from Visean deposits forecast. Is helps to increase truthfulness of geological and economic evaluation of prospecting, geological and exploration works

Analysis of innovative technologies in industry: the blockchain and the internet of things

The rapid development of modern information technologies introduces significant changes in the work of all spheres of activity, especially in industry. The technologies, using in industry have been analyzed in the article. The prospects for the development of the blockchain technology and the industrial Internet were considered and possible problems for their implementation and development have been highlighted, such as: high cost, unemployment, long distances and long transit times, cold climate, insuffi quality of cartographic services

Measurement of AhR Ligands in the Tissues of Colon Cancer Patients with XRE Luciferase Reporter

The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands exhibiting modulating activity represents a new class of anticancer agents that can be directed towards several tumors. We have examined AhR expression in human colon cancer and adjacent non-tumor tissue. AhR expression level was about 2-7 times higher in tumor tissue samples than in the adjacent non-tumor samples (in 82% of all the samples). We were unable to find any increase of ABCG2 expression on the level of the transcription, while the expression of MDR2 was increased in half of the tumors compared to the levels of expression in normal adjacent tissue. We have used FICZ as a potent high affinity ligand of the AhR to calibrate the reporter cell line HEK293T-AhR-luc as a potent high affinity ligand of the AhR. The concentration of xenobiotic response element (XRE) ligands is higher, than in the blood of healthy people in 86% of the patients. The proposed test system will allow the use of the AhR ligand level as an additional diagnostic marker in the treatment of colon cancer

The justification of zonal oil and gas potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline by geochemical criteria

The paper presents a zonal probability and statistical assessment of the generation potential of deposits that form oil and gas potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline. Databases on geochemical and bituminological characteristics of dispersed organic matter (DOM) in Domanicoid type deposits of the Upper Devonian-Tournaisian formation were used. The following indicators were used: content of organic carbon Sorg, %; organic matter OM, %; composition of DOM (content of bitumoids: % – chloroform – CBE, petroleum – PB, alcohol-benzene – ABB, humic acids – HumA, %, insoluble residue – IR, %) and characteristics of DOM conversion (ratio of chloroform bitumen to alcohol-benzene one – CBE/ABB, bitumoid coefficient – β), as well as the conversion factor for Sorg – Kc. In order to determine the informativeness of these characteristics, the Student’s and Pearson's statistical criteria were used. When building models for predicting the zonal oil and gas potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline, one-dimensional and step-by-step multidimensional regression analyzes were used, which allowed to construct one-dimensional and multidimensional regression linear models. Using the step-by-step multidimensional regression analysis a complex criterion was developed taking into account influence of each geochemical indicator separately and their combinations. This made it possible to construct a scheme for distribution of probability of petroleum potential of the territory of Visimskaya monocline. Analysis of the scheme showed that the most favorable geochemical conditions for the formation of petroleum potential due to DOM are observed in the central part of Visimskaya monocline (within the Maykorskoye field and surrounding area, bounded by the likelihood more than 0.5). Besides, areas in the south of Visimskaya monocline in the territories where Pcompgh > 0.5 are of particular interes in terms of zonal oil and gas potential. North of Visimskaya monocline probably has a certain interest as well

D-branes as a Bubbling Calabi-Yau

We prove that the open topological string partition function on a D-brane configuration in a Calabi-Yau manifold X takes the form of a closed topological string partition function on a different Calabi-Yau manifold X_b. This identification shows that the physics of D-branes in an arbitrary background X of topological string theory can be described either by open+closed string theory in X or by closed string theory in X_b. The physical interpretation of the ''bubbling'' Calabi-Yau X_b is as the space obtained by letting the D-branes in X undergo a geometric transition. This implies, in particular, that the partition function of closed topological string theory on certain bubbling Calabi-Yau manifolds are invariants of knots in the three-sphere.Comment: 32 pages; v.2 reference adde