Rare neurogenic retinal tumors in adults: morphological features and diagnostic challenges

The histological diagnosis of neurogenic tumors remains a challenge, which may be indicated particularly by the fact that new entities appeared in the new edition of the World Health organization (WHO) classification. Purpose: To review the histomorphologic and immunohistochemic features of rare variants of neurogenic ocular (retinal) tumors in adults. Material and Methods: Six rare ocular tumors were selected for the study from all clinical material submitted for pathohistological examination from 2017 to 2020 based on the presence of morphological evidence of neurogenic differentiation. Results: The study sample of six rare neurogenic retinal tumors in adults was conventionally divided into three types: (1) retinal tumors immunohistochemically similar to cellular ependymoma, but histologically similar to retinoblastoma; (2) tumors showing no histological pattern characteristic for dictyoma, but the immunohistochemical features of neuroepithelial differentiation; and (3) tumors showing histological patterns similar to medulloepithelioma, but the immunohistochemical features of glial markers. Conclusion: Obviously, when dividing these tumors into histogenetic groups, not only the histological structure and immunohistochemical profile, but also tumor location and typical patient age should be taken into account

Архиепископ, хирург, философ божьей милостью

Валентин Феликсович Войно-Ясенецкий (Святитель Лука) (1877–1961) — архиепископ Симферопольский и Крымский, а в миру — выдающийся хирург, топографоанатом мирового уровня, доктор медицины, профессор. За труды по хирургии, которые стали настольными книгами многих поколений врачей, архиепископ стал лауреатом Сталинской (Государственной) премии I степени. В 1999 г. был причислен к лику новомученников и исповедников для общецерковного почитания. Автор многих проповедей, статей и книг духовно-морального и патриотического содержания.V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (St. Luke) (1877–1961) is the Archbishop of Simferopol and Crimean regions, a famous surgeon and topographoanatomist, doctor of medicine, professor. The author of scientific works on surgery, which are used for constant reference of doctors. The archbishop was a laureate of the Stalin (State) Prize of the 1st degree. He was canonized by Orthodox Church in 1999 year. He is the author of numerous preachings, works and books on scientific, religious, moral and patriotic topics

The influence of immunodeficiency on the level of CD34-positive cells in the cervix

There are many studies on changes in cervix, however, there are no data about property of cervical tissue to keep potential for regeneration under influence of immunodeficiency, which is very important since it allows escaping severe irreversible changes in tissue. CD34 stem cells are one of significant indicator for property of tissual regeneration. So, the purpose of our study was to identify amount of CD34 stem cells in the cervix under influence of immunodeficiency of infectious and non-infectious origin. Materials and methods. Sectional material of reproductive women was studied. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: women who were diagnosed with HIV infection; women who have identified anamnestic and postmortem signs of alcohol abuse; group of comparison. After routine testing and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to CD34, morphometric measure was performed. We evaluate presence activities of stromal cells for detection of connection and relationship between expression of CD34 and the thickness of the cervical epithelium, relative volumes of condyloma, cervical dysplasia severity, degree of infiltration of the mucosal lamina propria by immunocompetent cells. The obtained digital data were statistically processed. Results. Morphological investigation revealed changes of thickness of the cervical stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium up to 714.23±59.21 x 10-6 m in group of HIVinfected women. Relative volumes of condylomas were increased in both investigated groups with presence of pointed, flat and inverted types. Both low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were detected more often in investigated goups. Assessment of the degree of infiltration of the mucosal lamina propria by immunocompetent cells was changed unevenly with reducing in HIV-group and increasing in alcohol group. Results of ICH reaction CD34 realized in cytoplasmic staining with membranous accentuation in all cases of control group with strong, but reduced level in investigated groups. Most close connection was observed for cervical dysplasia severity and CD34 expression. Conclusions.HIV infection and alcohol abuse have pronounced pathological effects with cervical changes. The expression of CD34 is present in 96% of women with immunodeficiency mainly with strong reaction. It is statistically likely that it does not depend on such morphological indicators as thickness of the cervical epithelium, relative volumes of condyloma, degree of infiltration of the mucosal lamina propria by immunocompetent cells. The expression of CD34 has statistically close negative connection with cervical dysplasia severity (r=-0,81) and can be used for detection of early potential of tissual transformation in women with immunodeficiency

The status of cervical cytology in HIV-infected women

Выявление цитологических особенностей цервикального эпителия у ВИЧ-инфицированных женщин в сочетании с уровнем CD4-клеток послужило целью данной работы. Проведен цитологический анализ 60 женщин репродуктивного возраста, которые были разделены на 2 группы по 30 женщин (ВИЧ-негативные и ВИЧ-позитивные). При определении количества лимфоцитов CD4 меньше, градация проводилась с показателями 500-350-100 клеток в микролитре. В ходе исследования обнаружено об ускорение неопластических процессов шейки матки у ВИЧ- инфицированных при снижении уровня CD4-клеток, что проявляется воспалительным типом мазка, койлоцитозом, наличием двух- и многоядерных клеток, кератиноцитов, паракератоза, амфофилии цитоплазмы, и, ключевое, изменением архитектуры клеток цервикального эпителия. По мнению авторов у ВИЧ-инфицированных число CD4-клеток ниже 100 в мм3 следует рассматривать как неблагоприятный прогностический фактор для развития неопластической трансформации.The scientific research mentioned in the article was conducted to identify the cytological features of the cervical epithelium and the level of CD4 cells in HIV-infected women. Cytological analysis was performed on 60 reproductive-aged women, they were divided into 2 groups equally. 1st group consist of HIV-negative, 2nd group consists of HIV-positive women. When determining low numbers CD4 lymphocytes gradation was performed with 500-350-100 cells per microliter. This research works results show the acceleration of neoplastic processes of the cervix in HIV-infected women with a decreased number of CD4 cells. It is manifested by inflammatory processes in the smear, koilocytosis, the presence of binuclear and multinucleated cells, keratinocytes, parakeratosis, amphophilic cytoplasm and changes in cervical epithelial cells. In HIV-infected people, the CD4 cell count below 100 per cubic millimeter should be considered an unfavourable prognostic factor for the development of neoplastic transformatio

Morphofunctional state of the fallopian tube in HIV-infected

Данная работа посвящена тканевой трансформации маточной трубы при наличии ВИЧинфекции и выполнена на секционном материале женщин репродуктивного возраста с проведением макроскопических измерений, гистологического изучения с морфометрическим анализом, иммуногистохимического исследования (Hsp70, Hsp90, Bcl-2, BAX, p53). В результате исследования установлено, что у ВИЧ-инфицированных тканевая трансформация маточной трубы характеризуется ускорением инволютивных процессов с выраженными склеротическими изменениями, активацией белков семейства шаперонов и активацией апоптотических процессов. На фоне уменьшения размеров органа, относительный объем соединительной ткани в мышечном слое увеличивается с 5,61±1,01% до 21,33±2,82%, высота эпителиального слоя уменьшается с 92,01±4,03 х10-6 м до 67,30±3,83 х10-6 м. Таким образом, можно констатировать, что у женщин с ВИЧ-инфекцией в маточной трубе формируются тканевые предпосылки для неопластической трансформации.This work is devoted to tissue transformation of the fallopian tube in the presence of HIV infection and was performed on sectional material of women of reproductive age with macroscopic measurements, histological examination with morphometric analysis, immunohistochemical studies (Hsp70, Hsp90, Bcl-2, BAX, p53). As a result of the study, it was found that tissue transformation of the fallopian tube is characterized by acceleration of involutive processes with pronounced sclerotic changes, activation of proteins of the chaperone family and activation of apoptotic processes in HIV-infected patients. The size of the organ is decreased. Tthe relative volume of connective tissue in the muscle layer increases from 5.61 ± 1.01% to 21.33 ± 2.82%, the height of the epithelial layer decreases from 92.01 ± 4.03 x10-6 m to 67.30 ± 3.83 x10-6 m. Thus, it can be stated that in women with HIV infection, tissue prerequisites for neoplastic transformation are formed in the fallopian tube