156 research outputs found
Heat stress increases long-term human migration in rural Pakistan
Human migration attributable to climate events has recently received significant attention from the academic and policy communities (1-2). Quantitative evidence on the relationship between individual, permanent migration and natural disasters is limited (3-9). A 21-year longitudinal survey conducted in rural Pakistan (1991-2012) provides a unique opportunity to understand the relationship between weather and long-term migration. We link individual-level information from this survey to satellite-derived measures of climate variability and control for potential confounders using a multivariate approach. We find that floodingâa climate shock associated with large relief effortsâhas modest to insignificant impacts on migration. Heat stress, howeverâwhich has attracted relatively little reliefâconsistently increases the long-term migration of men, driven by a negative effect on farm and non-farm income. Addressing weather-related displacement will require policies that both enhance resilience to climate shocks and lower barriers to welfare-enhancing population movements
Climate change and womenâs voice and agency beyond the household: Insights from India
Womenâs Voice & Agency beyond the household (VABH) has increasingly been recognized as critical to strengthening resilience, increasing womenâs access to important resources, improving womenâs decision-making power, and facilitating broader social networks (Njuki et al. 2022). Despite rapidly intensifying climate change in recent years, a knowledge gap persists as to how climate change may affect womenâs VABH in developing countries. This has been particularly challenging in countries like India, which host one of the largest numbers of the poor and has been increasingly plagued by droughts, floods, cyclones, rising temperatures, and increasing rainfall fluctuations. This study provides a conceptual discussion on the linkages between climate change and VABH and analyzes their empirical relationship using multiple rounds of nationwide household data from India (India Human Development Survey 2005, 2012; World Values Survey 2001, 2006, 2012); climate data; and data on womenâs political representation at the district level. Our results suggest that in rural parts of India, adverse climate change and natural disasters, such as cyclones and/or floods, have consistently negative associations with a broad range of VABH-related outcomes. Moreover, in rural areas, greater political representation by women in district assemblies broadly mitigates the potential effects of adverse climate change on VABH-related outcomes. These patterns generally hold across various populations, differentiated by marriage status and age groups, and are more robust in rural compared to urban areas. There are also generally consistent gender differences in these associations. Specifically, results indicate that womenâs VABH are disproportionately more negatively affected by adverse CC than menâs VABH, while greater female representation at local district assemblies has greater effects in mitigating adverse CC on VABH among women than men. The results underscore the importance of enhancing womenâs political representation as a means to improve womenâs VABH
Investigating the evolution of the dual AGN system ESO~509-IG066
We analyze the evolution of the dual AGN in ESO 509-IG066, a galaxy pair
located at z=0.034 whose nuclei are separated by 11 kpc. Previous observations
with XMM-Newton on this dual AGN found evidence for two moderately obscured
( cm) X-ray luminous ( erg/s) nuclear
sources. We present an analysis of subsequent Chandra, NuSTAR and Swift/XRT
observations that show one source has dropped in flux by a factor of 10 between
2004 and 2011, which could be explained by either an increase in the absorbing
column or an intrinsic fading of the central engine possibly due to a decrease
in mass accretion. Both of these scenarios are predicted by galaxy merger
simulations. The source which has dropped in flux is not detected by NuSTAR,
which argues against absorption, unless it is extreme. However, new Keck/LRIS
optical spectroscopy reveals a previously unreported broad H-alpha line which
is highly unlikely to be visible under the extreme absorption scenario. We
therefore conclude that the black hole in this nucleus has undergone a dramatic
drop in accretion rate. From AO-assisted near-infrared integral-field
spectroscopy of the other nucleus, we find evidence that the galaxy merger is
having a direct effect on the kinematics of the gas close to the nucleus of the
galaxy, providing a direct observational link between the galaxy merger and the
mass accretion rate on to the black hole.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Making Complementary Agricultural Resources, Technologies and Services More Gender Responsive
Equality and Empowerment by Gender and Intersecting Social Differentiation in Agri-food Systems: Setting the Stage
Photoinduced IR absorption in (La(1-x)Sr(x)Mn)(1-\delta)O3: changes of the anti-Jahn-Teller polaron binding energy with doping
Photoinduced IR absorption was measured in (La(1-x)Sr(x)Mn)(1-\delta)O3. A
midinfrared peak centered at ~ 5000 cm was observed in the x=0
antiferromagnetic sample. The peak diminishes and softens as hole doping is
increased. The origin of the photoinduced absorption peak is atributted to the
photon assisted hopping of anti-Jahn-Teller polarons formed by photoexcited
charge carriers, whose binding energy decreases with increasing hole doping.
The shape of the peak indicates that the polarons are small.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
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