Social Cognition in Child and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

Social cognition represents the mental processes of social interaction between oneself and others. In recent years, the interest in social cognition skills has increased in cases with eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is associated with the multiple factors in etiology. Treatment of anorexia nervosa is still controversial. The youths diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are known to be as the most difficult group in eating disorders for building therapeutic relations. Studies, mostly suggests that there are difficulties in social cognitive functions in patients with anorexia nervosa. However, there are studies that reported different results. It seems that, the majority of studies which evaluate the social cognitive functions in patients with anorexia nervosa, are carried out with the adult age group. There are limited number of studies in child and adolescent age group. The purpose of this paper was to examinate the studies of social cognitive skills in children and adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and present the general characteristics. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2015; 7(2): 178-189

Theory of mind and emotion regulation difficulties in children with ADHD

WOS: 000454972600015PubMed ID: 30245374Social cognition deficits and emotion dysregulation (ED) are frequently separately studied in relation to ADHD. This study aimed to examine the link between theory of mind (ToM) abilities and ED in children with ADHD. Participants were 200 children aged 11-17 years (study group, n = 100; healthy controls, n = 100). Emotion regulation skills were quantified by using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). ToM was quantified by three different tasks. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale parents form was used for determination of ADHD symptom severity (ADHD-SS). Children in the study group had more overall difficulties regulating their emotions than healthy controls. Within the study group, a significant correlation was found between the scores of DERS-total and ADHD-SS; and between the scores of DERS-total and gender. The linear regression showed that the predictor variables accounted for 56% of the variation in DERS-total. Unexpected Outcomes Test (UOT) scores significantly improved the accountability of the total variance when added to the linear regression. Our findings show that theory of mind deficits may partly explain ED in children with ADHD

Motor tics due to atomoxetine use: a case report

WOS: 000297959300012Motor tics due to atomoxetine use: a case report The comorbidity ratio of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tic disorders (TD) or Tourette's syndrome (TS) is very high. It is also known that, psychostimulant use in the treatment of ADHD can increase existing tics or cause new tics. Therefore, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, which is effective in the treatment of tics and ADHD symptoms, was introduced into clinical practice as a treatment choice in patients with ADHD and TD/TS comorbidity. However, recently there have been reports about reverse effects of atomoxetine on tics. In this report, we discuss a clinical case that had an increase in existing tic severity and developed new tics during atomoxetine treatment

Relationship Between Oxytocin and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

WOS: 000418537000004Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while characterized by attention problems, hyperactivity and impulsivity, essentially is a phenotypically heterogenous disorder. Social cognition disorders are important in ADHD, particularly in children due to their role in difficulties in social relations. Social cognition is crucial for the individual to build relations with others and through such relations inform social behavior. It has been suggested that sub-units of social cognition such as facial recognition and empathy are related to oxytocin. It is thought that individuals diagnosed with ADHD, for whom such skills are less readily available, have difficulties communicating on a social scale. PubMed medical search engine was used to identify the studies and review articles on oxytocin and ADHD. While the oxytocin gene and the oxytocin receptor gene are extensively studied in autism spectrum disorders, data on ADHD is scarce. Oxytocin, known as a mediator of social behavior, also affects the phenotype of ADHD, a disease subject to genetic and environmental influences determining its phenotype and individual case differences

Psychometric features of Turkish version of Autism-Spectrum Quotient

WOS: 000282841000010Objective: Autism is characterized by difficulties in three separate areas involving impairments in social abilities and communication, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors and interests. Several studies have reported elevated rates of traits related to autism symptoms in first degree relatives called broad autism phenotype. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and psychometric features of the Turkish version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-TR), that was developed by Baron-Cohen and his colleagues and which is a self-administered questionnaire designed to measure the degree to which an adult with normal intelligence has traits associated with autism. Methods: The AQ-TR was administered to 406 university students (58% female, 42% male). To show the reliability of the Turkish version of the AQ (ASQ-TR) Cronbach's alpha values and test-retest was evaluated on university students. Factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of the scale. Results: Cronbach's alpha value for the scale was 0.64. Test-retest reliability of the scale was satisfactory (0.72). Male students scored higher in total score (p=0.003) and social skills, communication and imagination subscales. Principal component analysis supported a three factorial structure. Discussion: These results suggest that the ASSQ-TR is a reliable instrument and also the construct validity was shown by factor analysis. The scale was successful on showing the male-female discrepancy which is notified about other cultures. It is necessary to support the validity of the scale by HFA/AS cases participation. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:253-260

Risperidone, quetiapine and chlorpromazine may have induced priapism in an adolescent

WOS: 000369305300014PubMed ID: 26542690Priapism is the prolonged, painful erection of penile tissue not accompanied by sexual arousal. Priapism has been established as a rare adverse drug reaction to drugs such as antipsychotics, psychostimulants, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Immediate intervention is needed to prevent destructive and irreversible complications, such as erectile dysfunction, disfigurement, inability of the penis to stay erect, and related social/emotional problems. Antipsychotic-induced priapism may result from the alpha receptor occupancy property of those drugs. We report the case of a 13-year-old suffering from attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder plus conduct disorder with priapism related to antipsychotics. Episodes occurred with risperidone plus methylphenidate, quetiapine plus methylphenidate, and chlorpromazine alone