The standing wave model of the mesons and baryons

Only photons are needed to explain the masses of the pi(0), eta, Lambda, Sigma(0), Xi(0), Omega(-), Lambda(c,+), Sigma(c,0), Xi(c,0), and Omega(c,0) mesons and baryons. Only neutrinos are needed to explain the mass of the pi(+-) mesons. Neutrinos and photons are needed to explain the masses of the K-mesons, the neutron and D-mesons. Surprisingly the mass of the mu-meson can also be explained by the oscillation energies and rest masses of a neutrino lattice. From the difference of the masses of the pi(+-) mesons and mu(+-) mesons follows that the rest mass of the muon-neutrino is 47.5 milli-eV. From the difference of the masses of the neutron and proton follows that the rest mass of the electron-neutrino is 0.55 milli-eV. The potential of the weak force that holds the lattices of the particles together can be determined with Born's lattice theory. From the weak force follows automatically the existence of a strong force between the sides of two lattices. The strong nuclear force is the sum of the unsaturated weak forces at the sides of each lattice and is therefore 10^6 times stronger than the weak force.Comment: 41 pages, 6 figure

Long-Wavelength Instability in Surface-Tension-Driven Benard Convection

Laboratory studies reveal a deformational instability that leads to a drained region (dry spot) in an initially flat liquid layer (with a free upper surface) heated uniformly from below. This long-wavelength instability supplants hexagonal convection cells as the primary instability in viscous liquid layers that are sufficiently thin or are in microgravity. The instability occurs at a temperature gradient 34% smaller than predicted by linear stability theory. Numerical simulations show a drained region qualitatively similar to that seen in the experiment.Comment: 4 pages. The RevTeX file has a macro allowing various styles. The appropriate style is "mypprint" which is the defaul

Amplitude equations for Rayleigh-Benard convective rolls far from threshold

An extension of the amplitude method is proposed. An iterative algorithm is developed to build an amplitude equation model that is shown to provide precise quantitative results even far from the linear instability threshold. The method is applied to the study of stationary Rayleigh-Benard thermoconvective rolls in the nonlinear regime. In particular, the generation of second and third spatial harmonics is analyzed. Comparison with experimental results and direct numerical calculations is also made and a very good agreement is found.Peer reviewe

How does flow in a pipe become turbulent?

The transition to turbulence in pipe flow does not follow the scenario familiar from Rayleigh-Benard or Taylor-Couette flow since the laminar profile is stable against infinitesimal perturbations for all Reynolds numbers. Moreover, even when the flow speed is high enough and the perturbation sufficiently strong such that turbulent flow is established, it can return to the laminar state without any indication of the imminent decay. In this parameter range, the lifetimes of perturbations show a sensitive dependence on initial conditions and an exponential distribution. The turbulence seems to be supported by three-dimensional travelling waves which appear transiently in the flow field. The boundary between laminar and turbulent dynamics is formed by the stable manifold of an invariant chaotic state. We will also discuss the relation between observations in short, periodically continued domains, and the dynamics in fully extended puffs.Comment: for the proceedings of statphys 2

Expertise CAO et conseil organisationnel : dignostic, preconisations, gestion du changement

Available at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : DO 4436 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc