TARGETED SUB-COLLECTION OF POTATO CULTIVARS SPECIFIC TO LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE

Background. The article presents the data obtained after the screening of potato cultivars for resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. The selected genotypes combine late blight resistance with other valuable commercial traits, such as high yield, high starch content, resistance to virus dis­eases and potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.).Materials and methods. Potato accessions representing do­mestic and foreign cultivars from the VIR collection served as the material for this research. The screening was performed according to the techniques developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR.Results and conclusion. The following true-breeding cultivars were identified for their re­sistance to Phytophthora infestans: ‘Ania’ (k-24063), ‘Baszta’ (k-24067), ‘Bobr’ (k-21103), ‘Dunajec’ (k-24074), ‘Klepa’ (k-24080), ‘Koga’ (k-24174), ‘Meduza’ (k-24082) and ’Mors’ (k-24083) from Poland; ‘Caprice’ (k-25193), ‘Certo’ (k-19440) and ‘Valetta’ (k-21769) from Germany; ‘Avrora’ (k-12188), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Bryansky nadezhny’ (k-12160), ‘Vdokh­noveniye’ (k-12192), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Zvezdochka’ (к-25209), ‘Kalinka’ (k-25148), ‘Lukyanovsky’ (k-11750), ‘Musinsky’ (k-25312), ‘Nakra’ (k-11916), ‘Nikulin­sky’ (k-12171), ‘Prizer’ (k-25217), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25258), ‘Rossiyanka’ (k-12057), ‘Rucheyek’ (k-12213) and ‘Udacha’ (k-11900) from Russia; ‘Aktsent’ (k-12237), ‘Vetraz’ (k-11989), ‘Vytok’ (k-11897), ‘Zhuravinka’ (k-12106), ‘Kupalinka’ (k-12155), ‘Sintez’ (k-11666), ‘Suzorye’ (k-11992) from Be­larus; ‘Vikhola’ (k-11270), ‘Zarevo’ (k-10773), ‘Svitanok ki­evsky’ (k-11665), ‘Olviya’ (k-25094), ‘Rakurs’ (k-25098) from Ukraine; ‘Aytmurat’ (k-25248), ‘Berkut’ (k-25250), ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sey­anets Lapteva’ (k-25161), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307) and ‘Udovitsky’ (k-25260) from Kazakhstan; etc. High percentage of plantlets resistant to late blight was ob­served among self-pollination progenies of cvs. ‘Avrora’ (k-12188), ‘Astra’ (k-10697), ‘Vikhola’ (k-11270), ‘Zhuravinka’ (k-12106), ‘Nayada’ (k-12157), ‘Rosinka’ (k-11993), ‘Skarb’ (k-11904), ‘Bobr‘ (k-21103) and ‘Clarissa’ (k-21770). There were cultivars combining late blight resistance with such traits as resistance to potato nematode (Globodera rosto­chiensis Woll.) and viruses, high productivity, and increased starch content: ‘Zhuravinka’, ‘Ania’, ‘Baszta’, ‘Bobr’, ‘Certo’ and ‘Mors’. The selected genotypes are recommended as promis­ing to be included in potato breeding programs

The collection of potato cultivars as a source for breeding for high yield, earliness, and resistance to late blight, virus diseases and Globodera rostochiensis Woll

Background. The article presents information on the results of screening potato cultivars for major commercial traits: earliness, high yield, high starch content, resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), virus diseases and potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)). Materials and methods. VIR’s collection of domestic and foreign potato cultivars served as the material for this research. The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR. Results and conclusion. The analysis of pedigrees helped to select source material for the main trends of domestic potato breeding. Data of a number of cultivars identified by analyzing progenies from self-pollination are presented in the paper. Potential sources of major commercial traits were found: cvs. ‘Banba’ (k-25222), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Belukha’ (k-25146), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Colleen’ (k-25224), ‘Gala’ (k-25270), ‘Geyzer’ (k-25266), ‘Gornyak’ (k-25311), ‘Larets’ (k-25211), ‘Leoni’ (k-25244), ‘Manifest’ (k-25265), ‘Meteor’ (k-25212), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Prizer’ (k-25217), etc. were identified as high yield sources; cvs. ‘Aktyubinskiy-2’ (k-25300), ‘Alaya roza’ (k-25144), ‘Charaўnik’ (k-25139), ‘Darnitsa’ (k-25179), ‘Lad’ (k-25180), ‘Levada’ (k-25121), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), ‘Palitra’ (k-25123), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307), ‘Universal’ (k-25137), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Vytok’ (k-11897), ‘Zarevo’ (k-10773) and ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155) as sources of high starch content; cvs. ‘Aral’ (k-25107), ‘Aymurat’ (k-25248), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Berkut’ (k-25250), ‘Gastsinets’ (k-25264), ‘Musinskiy’ (k-25312), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25130), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307), ‘Udovitskiy’ (k-25260), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155) and ‘Zvezdochka’ (k-25209) as sources of late blight resistance; cvs. ‘Adil’ (k-25112), ‘Azart’ (k-25196), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Favorit’ (k-25132), ‘Gastsinets’ (k-25264), ‘Geyzer’ (k-25266), ‘Krasavchik’ (k-25210), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), ‘Malyshok’ (k-25189), ‘Manifest’ (k-25265), ‘Nadezhda’ (k-25213), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Pamyati Lorkha’ (k-25214), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25130), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sirenevyy tuman’ (k-25143), ‘Sultan’ (k-25131), ‘Shchedrik’ (k-25126), ‘Tekes’ (k-25173), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Volat’ (k-25263), ‘Zhemchuzhina’ (k-25128), etc. as sources of field resistance to virus diseases. Cultivars combining resistance to potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)) with other valuable commercial traits were also identified

SEARCH FOR SOURCE MATERIAL WITH LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE AMONG POTATO VARIETIES AND CLONES

This paper presents the data obtained during the assessment of potato varieties and breeding clones from the VIR and LENNIISKh (Belogorka) collections for late blight resistance. Tests were performed in the field under heavy infection of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (foliage) and in the laboratory (tubers). Varieties and clones with high and moderate leaf and/or tuber late blight resistance were identified. Leaf and tuber resistance in some varieties depended on the P. infestans population structure and on isolates used for inoculation

Experience of using lumacaftor/ivacaftor in children with cystic fibrosis in the Astrakhan region

Background. Targeted therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis, which aims to restore the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein, is currently revolutionary in the treatment of the disease. The first drug available in Russia for the treatment of patients with this genetic disease is lumacaftor/ivacaftor (Orkambi®), which was registered on December 2, 2020.The aim. To study the efficacy of lumacaftor/ivacaftor during 12 weeks of administration in children in Astrakhan region.Materials and methods. This article presents the clinical experience of Orkambi medicine use in 3 children with F508del/F508del genotype and a severe course of cystic fibrosis for 12 weeks. According to the study design, such indices as body mass index, indexes of external respiratory function, character of respiratory tract microbiota, level of chloride in sweat fluid and pancreatic elastase in feces, dynamics of biochemical blood indexes were evaluated. The study was performed within the time periods specified in the study protocol, namely, before the start of therapy, 2, 4, and 12 weeks of treatment.Results. Two patients had a decrease in sweat test values by 11 and 19 mmol/l from the baseline, a significant increase in forced vital capacity of lungs. One patient had an adverse event in the form of hepatobiliary disorders manifested by increased liver transaminase activity, which was the reason for discontinuing the drug.Conclusions. The short-term experience of using pathogenetic therapy with lumacaftor/ ivacaftor in children in the Astrakhan region demonstrated both the expected effect on chlorine channel function and the possibility of side effects, including severe ones, that can lead to withdrawal of the drug

The collection of potato varieties as a reserve of source material for breeding for high yield, earliness, and resistance to diseases and pests

Background. Information is provided about the results obtained by screening the VIR collection of improved potato varieties for main commercial traits: earliness, high yield, high starch content, and resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), viruses, and pests, such as cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)), and Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say).Materials and methods. Potato accessions representing domestic and foreign varieties from the VIR collection served as the material for this research. The screening was performed according to the techniques developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR.Results and conclusion. Potato varieties with valuable commercial traits were identified as breeding sources promising for earliness: ‘Bashkirskiy’ (k-25338), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Colleen’ (k-25224), ‘Lagun’ (k-25294), etc.; for high yield: ‘Ametist’ (k-25336), ‘Banba’ (k-25222), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), etc.; for high starch content: ‘Charaўnik’ (k-25139), ‘Darnitsa’ (k-25179), ‘Lad’ (k-25180), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), etc.; for resistance to late blight: local variety (Georgia) (k-25298, k-25326), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Udovitskiy’ (k-25260), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Zvezdochka’ (k-25209); for resistance to viruses: ‘Azart’ (k-25196), Gala (k-25270), ‘Nadezhda’ (k-25213), Utro (k-25219), ‘Volat’ (k-25263), etc. Varieties combining resistance to gold potato cyst nematode with other valuable commercial traits were selected. Varieties with relative resistance to Colorado potato beetle were isolated under favorable conditions for the pest’s development. As a result of the research, new source material was identified, with a potential to improve major commercial traits of potato: earliness, high yield, high starch content, resistance to late blight, viruses, and pests (cyst nematode and Colorado beetle)

Screening of powdery mildew resistant barley accessions from Ethiopia for tolerance to abiotic stressors

Background. Analyzing the adaptive potential of cultivated barley with the aim of using new genotypes selected and developed in the process of work is a priority trend in scientific research. The Ethiopian barleys adapted to a variety of soil and climate conditions are characterized by many valuable biological and agronomic traits. Of particular value are genotypes that combine resistance to harmful organisms and environmental stressors.Materials and methods. The collection accessions of Ethiopian barley possessing powdery mildew resistance were studied for tolerance to adverse edaphic factors (chloride salinity and high content of toxic aluminum ions in the soil). Resistance to abiotic stressors was assessed in laboratory experiments. In the study of salt tolerance, a ‘roll-based’ assessment technique was used, which takes into account the inhibition of root growth under salt (NaCl) stress conditions, compared with the reference conditions without salinization. Aluminum sensitivity of barley accessions was diagnosed in the early stages of plant development using the root test.Results and conclusions. A polymorphism of Ethiopian barleys for resistance to adverse edaphic factors was revealed. Twentyone new sources of barley resistance to toxic aluminum ions were identified, of which accessions k-8552 and k-22933 were classified as highly resistant. Accessions k-17554, k-19975, k-20029, k-20048, k-22752, k-23450 and k-25009 proved resistant to soil salinization. Barley accessions k-17554, k-22752 and k-25009 were characterized by complex resistance to powdery mildew, toxic aluminum ions, and chloride soil salinity

Third and fifth harmonics generation by tightly focused femtosecond pulses at 2.2 {\mu}m wavelength in air

We report experiments on the generation of third and fifth harmonics of millijoule-level, tightly focused, femtosecond laser pulses at 2.2 {\mu}m wavelength in air. The measured ratio of yields of the third and fifth harmonics in our setup is about 2 \cdot 10-4. This result contradicts the recent suggestion that the Kerr effect in air saturates and changes sign in ultra-intense optical fields.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure

Possibilities of using branched-chain amino acids for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in elderly and old patients (literature review)

Due to the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly and old patients, early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and its complications are relevant. Protein supplements can be used to maintain muscle strength and mass during aging. The possibility of using branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in geriatric patients is of scientific interest. BCAAs promote the synthesis and inhibit the degradation of muscle tissue proteins, are involved in the regulation of tissue sensitivity to insulin, ammonia utilization, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, etc.Search strategy. The search for scientific articles for literature review was carried out in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases. The selection criterion was scientific articles published up to December 2022. We used the following search keywords: “branched-chain amino acids”, “BCAA”, “body composition”, “sarcopenia”, “aging”. The 2019 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) Consensus was included in the list of articles.Conclusions. The possibility of using BCAAs in elderly and old patients for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia is a relevant topic that continues to be actively studied. The effectiveness of BCAA supplementation in the diet is debatable as long as sufficient protein is consumed daily. On the other hand, BCAA supplementation may be justified in cases where it is not possible to consume enough high-quality protein in the diet. More research is needed on this topic