The study of three hemiclonal population systems Pelophylax esculentus complex from the Seversko-Donetskiy center of green frogs diversity

The structure of hemiclonal population systems (HPS) of Pelophylax esculentus complex from the Iskov pond (Gaydary village, Zmiyiv District), the Lower Dobritskiy pond (the region of Gomolsha river floodplain, Dobritskiy yar, the territory of the National Park “Gomolshanski lisy”) and from the pond near the village Zhovtneve (Vovchanskiy District, Kharkiv Region) was studied. All studied HPS were defined as REt-type. We observed the triploid hybrids number increasing in the HPS from the Iskov pond. The large part of triploid hybrids was found in the HPS of the Lower Dobritskiy pond. It was observed that all triploid hybrids from the pond near the village Zhovtneve were females. There was significant bond between the diploid erythrocytes size and sex of the frogs. It seems that triploids in this HPS are originating in other way compared to other HPS. There were two groups of females differ in body size which possibly corresponds to different ontogenetic strategies of green frog females. The males have a normal size distribution

Multiband Description of Optical Conductivity in Ferropnictide Superconductors

We study optical properties of the multiband superconductors with an s± order parameter symmetry. By comparing results of our theory with experimental data on optical conductivity for Ba0.68K0.32Fe2As2 single crystals, we show that satisfactory description of the novel superconductors can be obtained only considering a strong electron-boson coupling. We reexamine the effect of disorder and demonstrate that multiband superconductors are more robust with respect to it than naively expected by simple analogy with paramagnetic impurities in single-band superconductors. Moreover, disorder may give rise to new effects, in particular to a phase transition s±→s++. We discuss how the systematic study of disorder impact on the density of states and the optical conductivity may provide information on the underlying order parameter structur

Gamete production patterns and mating systems in water frogs of the hybridogenetic Pelophylax esculentus complex in northeastern Ukraine

Hybridization and polyploidy play an important role in animal speciation. European water frogs of the Pelophylax esculentus complex demonstrate unusual genetic phenomena associated with hybridization, clonality and polyploidy which presumably indicate an initial stage of reticulate speciation. The Seversky Donets River drainage in north-eastern Ukraine is inhabited by both sexes of the diploid and triploid hybrid P. esculentus and only one parental species Pelophylax ridibundus. Based on the presence of various types of hybrids, all populations studied can be divided into three geographical groups: I) P. ridibundus—P. esculentus without triploids; II) P. ridibundus—P. esculentus without diploid hybrids; and III) P. ridibundus—P. esculentus with a mixture of diploids and triploids. A study of gametogenesis revealed that diploid P. esculentus in populations of the first type usually produced haploid gametes of P. ridibundus and a mixture of haploid gametes that carried one or another parental genome (hybrid amphispermy). In populations of the second type, hybrids are derived from crosses of P. ridibundus males with triploid hybrid females producing haploid eggs with a genome of P. lessonae. Therefore, we suggest that clonal genome duplication in these eggs might be the result of suppression of second polar body formation or extra precleavage endoreduplication. In populations of the third type, some diploid females can produce diploid gametes. Fertilization of these eggs with haploid sperm can result in triploid hybrids. Other hybrids here produce haploid gametes with one or another parental genome or their mixture giving rise to new diploid hybrids

Прогностическая значимость актин-связывающих белков фасцина и эзрина у больных плоскоклеточным раком головы и шеи

Rationale: During neoplastic transformation, epithelial cells become mobile, which is one of the main mechanisms of metastatic disease and recurrence. Cell motility is regulated by actin-binding proteins, which ensure the association/dissociation of actin filaments and their interaction with the cell membrane. Previously, we have shown the presence of actin-binding proteins in the serum from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC); however, their association with the development of metastases and relapses in cancer patients has not been sufficiently studied. Aim: To evaluate the serum levels of actin-binding proteins fascin-1 and ezrin in patients with HNSCC depending on the disease recurrence and lymphatic metastasis. Materials and methods: Serum fascin-1 and ezrin levels before combination therapy were measured with ELISA assay in 30 HNSCC (T1-4N0-2M0) patients (mean age 56 7 years). Results: The median fascin-1 level was significantly higher in the patients with lymphatic metastases, compared to those without metastases: 0.64 (0.40; 5.89) vs 6.35 (1.72; 8.35) ng/mL, respectively (p 0.001). At 12 to 36 months after combination therapy, the disease relapsed in 12 (40%) patients. Ezrin levels were significantly higher in the relapsed patients, compared to those without a relapse within 3 years after combination therapy: 2.55 (2.35; 2.75) vs 1.93 (1.87; 2.5) ng/mL (p = 0.02). The ROC analysis showed an association between fascin-1 serum levels with metastatic disease (AUC = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.570.85) and an association between ezrin levels and the disease relapse (AUC = 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.570.94). Conclusion: These indicators can be used for the development of minimally invasive early detection of metastases in lymphatic nodes and for the prognosis of HNSCC recurrence.Актуальность. В процессе неопластической трансформации эпителиальные клетки становятся подвижными, что служит одним из основных механизмов метастазирования и рецидивирования. Клеточная подвижность регулируется актин-связывающими белками, осуществляющими ассоциацию/диссоциацию актиновых филаментов между собой и с клеточной мембраной. Ранее нами показано присутствие актин-связывающих белков в сыворотке крови больных плоскоклеточным раком головы и шеи (ПРГШ), однако недостаточно исследована их связь с развитием метастазов и рецидивов у онкологических больных. Цель исследовать уровень актин-связывающих белков фасцина-1 и эзрина в сыворотке крови больных ПРГШ в зависимости от рецидивирования и лимфогенного метастазирования. Материал и методы. У 30 пациентов с ПРГШ (T1-4N0-2M0), средний возраст 56 7 лет, методом иммуноферментного анализа определяли уровни фасцина-1 и эзрина в сыворотке крови до комбинированного лечения. Результаты. Медианный уровень фасцина-1 был статистически значимо выше в сыворотке пациентов с лимфогенными метастазами по сравнению с больными без метастазов: 0,64 (0,40; 5,89) и 6,35 (1,72; 8,35) нг/мл соответственно (p 0,001). В период от 12 до 36 месяцев после комбинированного лечения рецидив опухоли развился у 12 (40%) больных. Уровень эзрина был статистически значимо выше в группе больных с рецидивированием по сравнению с больными ПРГШ, у которых рецидивы не развились в течение 3 лет после комбинированного лечения: 2,55 (2,35; 2,75) против 1,93 (1,87; 2,5) нг/мл (p = 0,02). По данным ROC-анализа выявлена связь содержания фасцина-1 в сыворотке крови с процессом метастазирования (AUC = 0,71, 95% доверительный интервал 0,570,85) и связь содержания эзрина с развитием рецидивов (AUC = 0,76, 95% доверительный интервал 0,570,94). Заключение. Полученные показатели могут быть использованы для разработки малоинвазивных способов раннего обнаружения метастазов в лимфатических узлах и для прогноза рецидивирования ПРГШ

ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ КЛИНИКО-ЛУЧЕВЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ ГИГАНТОКЛЕТОЧНОЙ ОПУХОЛИ, КОСТНОЙ КИСТЫ И ОСТЕОСАРКОМЫ

The problems of timeliness and correctness of diagnostics of bone tumours, as well as therapeutic decision deserve the most careful consideration. The present research concerns the detection of criteria of differential diagnostics of giant-cell tumours, osteocystoma and osteosarcoma (according to the literary data). According to the literature the study of clinical and radiologic diagnostics, allowed to work out differential and diagnostic tables of signs and algorithms of diagnostics of giant-cell tumours, osteocystoma and osteosarcoma. It enabled to detect a therapeutic and diagnostic approach to patients with bone tumours.Вопросы своевременности и правильности диагностики костных опухолей, а также выбора тактики лечения заслуживают самого серьёзного внимания. Выявлены критерии дифференциальной диагностики гигантоклеточной опухоли, костной кисты и остеосаркомы но собственным и литературным данным. На их основе разработаны дифференциально-диагностические таблицы признаков этих видов опухолей, позволяющие определить тактику диагностики и лечения больных

Fifteen shades of green: The evolution of Bufotes toads revisited.

The radiation of Palearctic green toads (Bufotes) holds great potential to evaluate the role of hybridization in phylogeography at multiple stages along the speciation continuum. With fifteen species representing three ploidy levels, this model system is particularly attractive to examine the causes and consequences of allopolyploidization, a prevalent yet enigmatic pathway towards hybrid speciation. Despite substantial efforts, the evolutionary history of this species complex remains largely blurred by the lack of consistency among the corresponding literature. To get a fresh, comprehensive view on Bufotes phylogeography, here we combined genome-wide multilocus analyses (RAD-seq) with an extensive compilation of mitochondrial, genome size, niche modelling, distribution and phenotypic (bioacoustics, morphometrics, toxin composition) datasets, representing hundreds of populations throughout Eurasia. We provide a fully resolved nuclear phylogeny for Bufotes and highlight exceptional cyto-nuclear discordances characteristic of complete mtDNA replacement (in 20% of species), mitochondrial surfing during post-glacial expansions, and the formation of homoploid hybrid populations. Moreover, we traced the origin of several allopolyploids down to species level, showing that all were exclusively fathered by the West Himalayan B. latastii but mothered by several diploid forms inhabiting Central Asian lowlands, an asymmetry consistent with hypotheses on mate choice and Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities. Their intermediate call phenotypes potentially allowed for rapid reproductive isolation, while toxin compositions converged towards the ecologically-closest parent. Across the radiation, we pinpoint a stepwise progression of reproductive isolation through time, with a threshold below which hybridizability is irrespective of divergence (<6My), above which species barely admix and eventually evolve different mating calls (6-10My), or can successfully cross-breed through allopolyploidization (>15My). Finally, we clarified the taxonomy of Bufotes (including genetic analyses of type series) and formally described two new species, B. cypriensis sp. nov. (endemic to Cyprus) and B. perrini sp. nov. (endemic to Central Asia). Embracing the genomic age, our framework marks the advent of a new exciting era for evolutionary research in these iconic amphibians