The effects of seed rate and varietal selection for weed suppression and herbicide sensitivity in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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The interrelationships of winter wheat cultivars, crop density and competition of naturally occurring weed flora

The effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition on a wide range of winter wheat cultivars were investigated in two consecutive split plot field experiments. Significant reductions of grain yield at greatly reduced seed rates were observed in the first experiment, whereas increasing crop density up to 380 plants m(-2) in the second experiment failed to produce a significant yield response due to compensation through increased ears and grains per plant at lower crop densities. Appreciable weed suppression and acceptable grain yield can be achieved at crop densities between 150 and 270 plants m(-2). Reductions in final yield due to weed competition occurred in both experiments; 11.7 and 13.6% for the first and second experiment, respectively, with the onset of weed competition occurring from tittering in the first experiment and from stem elongation in the second. The possibility of enhancing crop competitiveness for weed suppression and improved grain yield is discussed

Chlorophyll fluorescence technique as a rapid diagnostic test of the effects of the photosynthetic inhibitor chlorotoluron on two winter wheat cultivars

A modified chlorophyll fluorescence technique was evaluated as a rapid diagnostic test of the susceptibility of wheat cultivars to chlorotoluron. Two winter wheat cultivars (Maris Huntsman and Mercia) exhibited differential response to the herbicide. All of the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence examined were strongly influenced by herbicide concentration. Additionally, the procedure adopted here for the examination of winter wheat cultivar sensitivity to herbicide indicated that the area above the fluorescence induction curve and the ratio F-V/F-M are appropriate chlorophyll fluorescence parameters for detection of differential herbicide response between wheat cultivars. The potential use of this technique as an alternative to traditional methods of screening new winter wheat cultivars for their response to photosynthetic inhibitor herbicide is demonstrated here

Boxing trauma in ancient games

Cause of this enquiry is the research and the analysis of sport injuries during the conduction of boxing games in ancient Greece. The methodology of the study was included the use of systematic review of the writings in the Greek and the world literature. We visited museums, sports clubs, libraries and open-air archaeological sites. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic examination of the items, which are preserved in the creations of antiquity (sculpture, art angiography and angioplasty). According to the main findings of the study in boxing game, various sports injuries were recognised, such as scratches, lacerations, bleeding under the conjunctiva, skin oedema, 'cauli-flower ear', nose bleeding and fractures of the nasal bones. After the fight, the athletes had deformities of the face, nose bleeding, fractures of the nose, ripped ears and swollen eyes. We concluded that the cases where the boxing athletes were wounded were usual in this era. © Springer-Verlag 2011

The “challenging” fractures of the odontoid process: a review of the classification schemes

Fractures of the odontoid process seem to have an unclear and not well-understood behavior. This is well demonstrated in the literature as there is a disagreement in many fields, including the patterns of fractures, the percentage of pseudarthrosis or the appropriate treatment that is required. This situation makes the fracture itself a “challenging” one. Indeed, despite the existence of extensive literature, there are still many unresolved problems concerning these fractures. We recognize six main classification schemes of the odontoid process fractures which clearly demonstrate the presence of differences but, also, the disadvantages that these classifications are related to. The most important factors that render these fractures “enigmatic” are the anatomy of the odontoid, the diversity of fractures encountered, the radiological evaluation, the stability and the inability to incorporate the whole spectrum of fractures in one classification. The progress made the last decades in the field of the radiology and their follow-up permitted to better analyze these lesions and to extract useful conclusions. © 2017, Springer-Verlag France

Atlantoaxial rotational dislocation and associated multiple-level fractures to the spine

We present a case of a young woman with multilevel spinal injuries. The injury includes a rotational atlantoaxial dislocation associated with concomitant injury at C5 and at the sacrum. Rotational dislocation at C1-C2 level is not frequently encountered in young adults, and the presence of associated lesions to the spine makes this condition a challenging one. The medical record of a patient who sustained three spinal injuries at different levels of the spine was evaluated. The prevalence of this type of injury, the diagnosis, the clinical behavior, and the applied treatment are evaluated. The patient was treated non-operatively, and a satisfactory clinical outcome was recorded at the last follow-up visit. © Springer-Verlag 2011

Type D fractures of the odontoid process

Type D fractures of the odontoid process are rare and usually occur in the elderly. The mechanism of fracture is unclear. Non-operative treatment is indicated provided that adequate immobilization using skull traction followed by either a collar or a halo vest can be achieved. The prognosis is usually favorable for this type of fractures. We present 6 patients with complex (type D) fractures of the odontoid process admitted and treated at our institution since 1970. There were five men and one woman with a mean age of 57.7 years (range, 16-81 years). Although there were concomitant injuries no neurological deficits due to the odontoid process fracture was detected. All patients were treated non-operatively using skull traction or a halo vest for 8 to 12 weeks. One patient deceased two days after the injury. At the latest examination, all the remaining five patients had complete union of the odontoid process fracture; three of them had excellent range of motion and two had painful or restricted range of motion of the upper cervical spine. © 2011 ARGOS and Springer-Verlag France