Accounting of non-performing long-term bank loans in Ukraine

The research paper outlines general problems of ensuring the continuity of the reproductive process in the Ukrainian economy with the help of long-term bank lending, and the problem of improving the accounting of non-performing long-term bank loans in the country was urged. The importance of solving this problem is conditioned by the significance of this group of loans in the loan portfolios of Ukrainian banks in terms of the current crisis economic situation in Ukraine. The objective of the research paper is to analyze the current state and trends in the methodology and practice of accounting of non-performing long-term bank loans in Ukraine, as well as formulate and substantiate directions for improving this methodology and practice. In the process of fulfilling the tasks of this reserch paper, the significance of the objective accounting of non-performing long-term loans of banks was substantiated; the status and changes in the accounting system of non-performing loans of Ukrainian banks were analyzed; the importance of European experience in this area was urged, which has being consistently adopted; and the scheme of allowing for changes in a share of non-performing bank loans when determining loan price was suggested. The ways to improve the accounting system of non-performing long-term loans in Ukrainian banks were suggested

Efficiency of using individual biogas digesters for processing biowaste of rural households in Ukraine

Biogas production is a promising area for the development of alternative energy sources in Ukraine and in the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of implementing individual biogas digesters in rural households in Ukraine and to determine the energy, economic and environmental benefits of biogas production from organic waste. As part of the study, an analysis of the main characteristics of households in Ukraine was carried out and the prerequisites for organising biogas production by households were determined. Household incomes were analysed, and it was determined that the costs of housing and communal services tend to grow. It was determined that the price of natural gas for the population over the past years has increased by almost 10 times, and thus replacing natural gas with biogas becomes especially relevant. The positive economic and environmental factors of using individual biogas plants in rural areas were characterised, and the theoretically possible potential of biogas production from household waste in Ukraine was calculated. Following this, a number of government measures to promote the proliferation of individual biogas plants were proposed. The economic benefits from the use of biogas were determined, including energy autonomy, the possibility of using organic fertilisers, and additional profit from the sale of surplus products. The ecological effect of using individual biogas plants will include the possibility of recycling organic waste and waste water, thus improving the hygiene situation for individual users.Individual biogas digesters constitute a promising direction in Ukraine in terms of energy (production of biogas) and ecological areas (household waste management and production of organic fertilisers). At present, the sector of individual biogas production from biowaste is not widely spread in Ukraine, due to the lack of state support and insufficient awareness among rural residents about the benefits of biogas technology. In this research we determined the economic efficiency of the construction and operation of an individual biogas plant. Considering the average price of natural gas in Ukraine (229.9 USD per 1000 m3), the use of a biogas plant would save 144.1 USD annually on the purchase of natural gas. Given that the cost of building an individual biogas digester is 825.6 USD, its payback period would be 4.7 years