1,830 research outputs found
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A nonlinear beam model of photomotile structures
Actuation remains a significant challenge in soft robotics. Actuation by light has important advantages: Objects can be actuated from a distance, distinct frequencies can be used to actuate and control distinct modes with minimal interference, and significant power can be transmitted over long distances through corrosion-free, lightweight fiber optic cables. Photochemical processes that directly convert photons to configurational changes are particularly attractive for actuation. Various works have reported light-induced actuation with liquid crystal elastomers combined with azobenzene photochromes. We present a simple modeling framework and a series of examples that study actuation by light. Of particular interest is the generation of cyclic or periodic motion under steady illumination. We show that this emerges as a result of a coupling between light absorption and deformation. As the structure absorbs light and deforms, the conditions of illumination change, and this, in turn, changes the nature of further deformation. This coupling can be exploited in either closed structures or with structural instabilities to generate cyclic motion
Exploring patterns of recurrent melanoma in Northeast Scotland to inform the introduction a digital self-examination intervention
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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Overcoming the slowing down of flat-histogram Monte Carlo simulations: Cluster updates and optimized broad-histogram ensembles
We study the performance of Monte Carlo simulations that sample a broad histogram in energy by determining the mean first-passage time to span the entire energy space of d-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising/Potts models. We first show that flat-histogram Monte Carlo methods with single-spin flip updates such as the Wang-Landau algorithm or the multicanonical method perform suboptimally in comparison to an unbiased Markovian random walk in energy space. For the d=1, 2, 3 Ising model, the mean first-passage time τ scales with the number of spins N=Ld as τ∝N2Lz. The exponent z is found to decrease as the dimensionality d is increased. In the mean-field limit of infinite dimensions we find that z vanishes up to logarithmic corrections. We then demonstrate how the slowdown characterized by z\u3e0 for finite d can be overcome by two complementary approaches—cluster dynamics in connection with Wang-Landau sampling and the recently developed ensemble optimization technique. Both approaches are found to improve the random walk in energy space so that τ∝N2 up to logarithmic corrections for the d=1, 2 Ising model
Form-factor-independent test of lepton universality in semileptonic heavy meson and baryon decays
In the semileptonic decays of heavy mesons and baryons, the lepton-mass dependence factors out in the quadratic cos2θ coefficient of the differential cosθ distribution. We call the corresponding normalized coefficient the convexity parameter. This observation opens the path to a test of lepton universality in semileptonic heavy meson and baryon decays that is independent of form-factor effects. By projecting out the quadratic rate coefficient, dividing out the lepton-mass-dependent factor, and restricting the phase space integration to the τ lepton phase space, one can define optimized partial rates which, in the Standard Model, are the same for all three (e,μ,τ) modes in a given semileptonic decay process. We discuss how the identity is spoiled by new physics effects. We discuss semileptonic heavy meson decays such as B¯0→D(∗)+ℓ-ν¯ℓ and Bc-→J/ψ(ηc)ℓ-ν¯ℓ and semileptonic heavy baryon decays such as Λb→Λcℓ-ν¯ℓ for each ℓ=e, μ, τ
Spectral fluctuation characterization of random matrix ensembles through wavelets
A recently developed wavelet based approach is employed to characterize the
scaling behavior of spectral fluctuations of random matrix ensembles, as well
as complex atomic systems. Our study clearly reveals anti-persistent behavior
and supports the Fourier power spectral analysis. It also finds evidence for
multi-fractal nature in the atomic spectra. The multi-resolution and
localization nature of the discrete wavelets ideally characterizes the
fluctuations in these time series, some of which are not stationary.Comment: 7 pages, 2 eps figure
Importance of Tests for the Complete Lorentz Structure of the t --> W+ b vertex at Hadron Colliders
The most general Lorentz-invariant decay-density-matrix for , or for , is expressed in terms
of eight helicity parameters. The parameters are physically defined in terms of
partial-width-intensities for polarized-final-states in decay.
The parameters are the partial width, the quark's chirality parameter
, the polarimetry parameter , a "pre-SSB" test parameter
, and four - interference parameters , ,
, which test for violation. They can be
used to test for non-CKM-type CP violation, anomalous 's, top
weak magnetism, weak electricity, and second-class currents. By stage-two
spin-correlation techniques, percent level statistical uncertainites are
typical for measurements at the Tevatron, and several mill level uncertainites
are typical at the LHC.Comment: Minor clarifications. Expression for r_{+-} corrected. 19 pages LaTex
+ Tables + 1 Figur
Compton Scattering in Static and Moving Media. II. System-Frame Solutions for Spherically Symmetric Flows
I study the formation of Comptonization spectra in spherically symmetric,
fast moving media in a flat spacetime. I analyze the mathematical character of
the moments of the transfer equation in the system-frame and describe a
numerical method that provides fast solutions of the time-independent radiative
transfer problem that are accurate in both the diffusion and free-streaming
regimes. I show that even if the flows are mildly relativistic (V~0.1, where V
is the electron bulk velocity in units of the speed of light), terms that are
second-order in V alter the emerging spectrum both quantitatively and
qualitatively. In particular, terms that are second-order in V produce
power-law spectral tails, which are the dominant feature at high energies, and
therefore cannot be neglected. I further show that photons from a static source
are upscattered by the bulk motion of the medium even if the velocity field
does not converge. Finally, I discuss these results in the context of radial
accretion onto and outflows from compact objects.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figures; minor changes, to appear in the Astrophysical
Journa
New angles on top quark decay to a charged Higgs
To properly discover a charged Higgs Boson () requires its spin and
couplings to be determined. We investigate how to utilize \ttbar spin
correlations to analyze the couplings in the decay . Within the framework of a general Two-Higgs-Doublet Model, we
obtain results on the spin analyzing coefficients for this decay and study in
detail its spin phenomenology, focusing on the limits of large and small values
for . Using a Monte Carlo approach to simulate full hadron-level
events, we evaluate systematically how the decay
mode can be used for spin analysis. The most promising observables are obtained
from azimuthal angle correlations in the transverse rest frames of
. This method is particularly useful for determining the coupling
structure of in the large limit, where differences from the
SM are most significant.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures. Uses JHEP forma
Heavy quark supermultiplet excitations
Lorentz covariant wave functions for meson and baryon supermultiplets are
simply derived by boosting representations corresponding to
multiquark systems at rest.Comment: 12 pages (Revtex), UTAS-PHYS-93-4
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