Sanacija animalnog otpada u funkciji održivog razvoja

In the world, the best way of harmless removal of animal waste from meat industry as well as died animals is exactly their collecting and utilization (for feed production, chemical industry and fuel), depending of raw material structure and its characterization, their processing in special plants with modern equipment and technology. The environment is now threatened by the creation and accumulation of waste materials in all branches of industrial production and in the meat industry. The importance of harmless removal of animal wastes increases with the intensification of animal breeding and with development of meat processing plants.Značaj neškodljivog uklanjanja sporedhih proizvoda klanja životinja raste sa intenziviranjem stočarske proizvodnje i razvojem pogona za preradu mesa. Danas je to nezamenjiva veterinarsko sanitarna i preventivna mera u suzbijanju stočnih zaraza i zoonoza, a sve se više naglašava njena uloga u saniranju i očuvanju životne sredine. Najcelishodniji put za neškodljivo uklanjanje otpadaka iz industrije mesa kao i uginulih životinja je upravo njihovo sakupljanje i iskorišćenje (u proizvodnji hrane za životinje, hemijsku industriju ili pogonsko gorivo), tehničkom preradom u specijalnim fabrikama sa savremenom opremom i tehnologijom

Valorizacija sporednih proizvoda iz dorade semenske uljane repice

After technological processing of rapeseed significant amounts of useful and useless waste products stand out. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition, content of glucosinolates, microbiological safety, and presence of mycotoxins and heavy element contents of useful rapeseed by-products which are intended for animal nutrition. Feed components as well as complete mixtures for animal feed must be safe and in accordance with the requirements of the current national regulation. The investigated useful by-products contained significant amounts of proteins (21.80%) and fat (33.78%). As a part of the research, extrusion of the mixture containing rapeseed by-products and maize in the ratio of 50:50% was performed. The process of extrusion was carried out at 130 °C. Based on the obtained results it was noticed that the investigated extruded mixture is a convenient protein-energy supplement suitable for animal feed production with significantly reduced glucosinolate content (from 10.30 to 7.82 µmol/g). It was also observed that the extrusion of feed mixture led to the reduction of the number of microorganisms which ensures safe feedstuff for animal feed production.U tehnološkom postupku prerade semenske uljane repice izdvaja se značajna količina otpadnih produkata. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita hemijski sastav, sadržaj glukozinolata, mikrobiološka ispravnost, prisustvo mikotoksina i teških metala u nusproizvodima koji se dobijaju pri doradi semenske uljane repice, namenjenih proizvodnji hrane za životinje. Potpune smeše za ishranu životinja kao i hraniva moraju biti higijenski ispravne i udovoljiti zahtevima važećeg Pravilnika o kvalitetu hrane za životinje. Na osnovu ispitivanja pomenutih parametara, ustanovljeno je da ispitivani sporedni proizvodi sadrže značajnu količinu proteina (21,80%) i masti (33,78%). U okviru istraživanja izvršeno je ekstrudiranje sporednog proizvoda iz dorade semenske uljane repice sa kukuruzom u odnosu 50:50%. Ekstrudiranje smeše primesa iz dorade semenske uljane repice i kukuruza je sprovedeno na temperaturi od 130 °C. Dobijeno je hranivo zadovoljavajućeg nutritivno-hemijskog profila, uz značajnu redukciju sadržaja glukozinolata za 24,08% (sa 10,30 na 7,82 µmol/g). Na osnovu izvedenih ispitivanja, ustanovljeno je da procesom ekstrudiranja hraniva dolazi do smanjenja broja mikroorganizama čime se obezbeđuje higijenska ispravnost ekstrudata

Iskorišćenje smeše starog hleba i mlinskog otpada uz dodatak otpadnog ulja procesa hladnog ceđenja soje

The paper presents the technological process of extrusion and utilization of stale bread and corn breakage in the production of quality and safe animal feed. There is an evident problem of stale bread in Vojvodina and elsewhere in the region, both in terms of quantity as well as with environmental and health and safety aspect. There is no organized way of collecting and distribution of stale bread for further processing. Therefore, it is increasingly polluting of the environment, create problems in the food chain, where socially vulnerable people bread collected from the container, feed the animals, humans consume meat that is medically risky. In the process of extrusion of corn fracture and bread crumbs (old bread) has been used, obtained by milling corn grits with corn rupture 13% of moisture and the bread crumbs which are mixed in the ratio of 50:50 in protivstujnoj a mixer, and then the mixture is moisturized to 5% to the weight of mixtures of waste oil from process hlanog squeezing oil from soybeans. The oil is waste from the process of cold pressing and squeezing oil from soybeans. Extrusion of the mixture was carried out on a twin-screw extruder with 85 kW running DEM Kulpin ,, at temperature 1380C-145 0C, and the head of the extruder, which had 4 holes 10mm diameter with a knife in the end. The results confirm that the obtained product is nutritionally valuable and microbiologically correct, but that the total number of mold and microorganisms below the maximum allowable concentration.U radu je prikazan tehnološki postupak ekstrudiranja i iskorišćenja starog hleba i kukuruznog loma u proizvodnji kvalitetne i zdravstveno bezbedne stočne hrane. Postoji evidentan problem starog hleba u Vojvodini i šire u regionu, kako sa aspekta količina, tako i sa ekološkog i zdravstveno-bezbednosnog aspekta. Ne postoji organizovan način prikupljanja i distribucije starog hleba radi dalje prerade. Zbog toga se u sve većoj meri zagađuje čovekova okolina, stvaraju se problemi u lancu ishrane, gde socijalno ugrožene osobe hleb prikupljaju iz kontejnera, hrane životinje, ljudi konzumiraju meso koje je zdravstveno rizično. U procesu ekstrudiranja kukuruznog loma i hlebnih mrvica(stari hleb) korišćen je kukurzni griz dobijen mlevenjem loma kukuruza sa 13% vlage i hlebne mrvic koji su izmešani u odnosu 50:50 u protivstujnoj mešalici, a potom je ova smeša navlažena sa 5% na masu smeše otpadnog ulja iz procesa hlanog ceđenja ulja iz soje. Ulje je otpad iz procesa hladnog presovanja i ceđenja ulja iz soje. Ekstrudiranje smeše izvršeno je na dvopužnom ekstruderu snage 85 kW u pogonu DEM Kulpin,, pri temperature 1380C-145 0C, a sa glavom ekstrudera koja je imala 4 otvora prečnika 10mm sa nožem na kraju. Dobijeni rezultat potvrđuju da je dobijeni proizvod nutritivno vredan i mikrobiološki ispravan, a da je ukupan broj plesni i mikroorganizama ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih koncetracija