Iskorišćenje smeše starog hleba i mlinskog otpada uz dodatak otpadnog ulja procesa hladnog ceđenja soje

Abstract

The paper presents the technological process of extrusion and utilization of stale bread and corn breakage in the production of quality and safe animal feed. There is an evident problem of stale bread in Vojvodina and elsewhere in the region, both in terms of quantity as well as with environmental and health and safety aspect. There is no organized way of collecting and distribution of stale bread for further processing. Therefore, it is increasingly polluting of the environment, create problems in the food chain, where socially vulnerable people bread collected from the container, feed the animals, humans consume meat that is medically risky. In the process of extrusion of corn fracture and bread crumbs (old bread) has been used, obtained by milling corn grits with corn rupture 13% of moisture and the bread crumbs which are mixed in the ratio of 50:50 in protivstujnoj a mixer, and then the mixture is moisturized to 5% to the weight of mixtures of waste oil from process hlanog squeezing oil from soybeans. The oil is waste from the process of cold pressing and squeezing oil from soybeans. Extrusion of the mixture was carried out on a twin-screw extruder with 85 kW running DEM Kulpin ,, at temperature 1380C-145 0C, and the head of the extruder, which had 4 holes 10mm diameter with a knife in the end. The results confirm that the obtained product is nutritionally valuable and microbiologically correct, but that the total number of mold and microorganisms below the maximum allowable concentration.U radu je prikazan tehnološki postupak ekstrudiranja i iskorišćenja starog hleba i kukuruznog loma u proizvodnji kvalitetne i zdravstveno bezbedne stočne hrane. Postoji evidentan problem starog hleba u Vojvodini i šire u regionu, kako sa aspekta količina, tako i sa ekološkog i zdravstveno-bezbednosnog aspekta. Ne postoji organizovan način prikupljanja i distribucije starog hleba radi dalje prerade. Zbog toga se u sve većoj meri zagađuje čovekova okolina, stvaraju se problemi u lancu ishrane, gde socijalno ugrožene osobe hleb prikupljaju iz kontejnera, hrane životinje, ljudi konzumiraju meso koje je zdravstveno rizično. U procesu ekstrudiranja kukuruznog loma i hlebnih mrvica(stari hleb) korišćen je kukurzni griz dobijen mlevenjem loma kukuruza sa 13% vlage i hlebne mrvic koji su izmešani u odnosu 50:50 u protivstujnoj mešalici, a potom je ova smeša navlažena sa 5% na masu smeše otpadnog ulja iz procesa hlanog ceđenja ulja iz soje. Ulje je otpad iz procesa hladnog presovanja i ceđenja ulja iz soje. Ekstrudiranje smeše izvršeno je na dvopužnom ekstruderu snage 85 kW u pogonu DEM Kulpin,, pri temperature 1380C-145 0C, a sa glavom ekstrudera koja je imala 4 otvora prečnika 10mm sa nožem na kraju. Dobijeni rezultat potvrđuju da je dobijeni proizvod nutritivno vredan i mikrobiološki ispravan, a da je ukupan broj plesni i mikroorganizama ispod maksimalno dozvoljenih koncetracija

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