7 research outputs found
Preparation and Properties of Lubricant Base Stocks from Epoxidized Karanja Oil and Its Alkyl Esters
Lubricant base stocks
of epoxidized oil and its alkyl esters namely
epoxidized karanja fatty acid methyl, butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, and
2-ethylhexyl esters were synthesized from renewable nonedible source
karanja oil (<i>Pongamia glabra</i>). The reaction was carried
out using peroxy formic acid (HCOOH) generated <i>in situ,</i> 30 wt % aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) by
monitoring oxirane oxygen value. The optimized conditions to obtain
epoxidized products were oil/ester: HCOOH: H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (1:2:8/1:1.5:3 mol/mol/mol). The epoxidized products were obtained
in 90–97% conversion by GC analysis. All the products were
characterized by GC, GC-MS, IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral studies.
The synthesized products were evaluated for physicochemical and lubricant
properties. Based on viscosity index all the products belong to group
III, category of base fluids as per API classification. Expecting
pour point values that are on higher side, other lubrication properties
such as viscosity, VI, flash point, Cu corrosion value, and air release
value were found to be good
Novel Acyl Derivatives from Karanja Oil: Alternative Renewable Lubricant Base Stocks
Lubricant base stocks of acylated oil and its derivatives, namely,
propionylated, butanoylated, and hexanoylated karanja oil and fatty
acid methyl esters, were synthesized from renewable nonedible source
karanja oil (Pongamia glabra). The
reaction was carried out by Prilezhaev dihydroxylation, an in situ
peroxyformic acid generated using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid.
The hydroxylated derivatives were acylated with three acid anhydrides
(C<sub>3</sub>, C<sub>4</sub>, and C<sub>6</sub>). All of the synthesized
products were examined for their purity by GC and GC-MS and characterized
by IR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral studies. The acylated derivatives
were evaluated for physicochemical and lubricant properties. Propionylated
and butanoylated esters of KFAME were found suitable as IS: 3098 hydraulic
fluids in ISO VG 46 and ISO VG 68 categories, respectively. In addition,
propionylated esters of KFAME are also suitable as IS: 8406 gear oils
(R&O type). Other lubrication properties such as viscosity, viscosity
index of all products belonging to group III, category of base fluids
as per API classification, Cu corrosion value, weld point, and air
release value were found to be good. These base stocks may find applications
in hydraulic fluids and metal-working fluids