Smile makeover with direct composite veneers: A two-year follow-up report

Direct composite veneers have gained an important role in dental clinical applications following recently developed materials and techniques in adhesive and restorative dentistry. Direct application on prepared tooth surfaces or even without any preparation, with an adhesive agent and a composite resin material in a single visit is the main procedure as well as the advantage of these restorations. The main aim of this direct procedure is to create minimally invasive and long-lasting restorations. As the dental materials and techniques develop, the clinicians also have the chance to mimic the natural dental tissues to create very natural-looking restorations in a single appointment. However, like all the other dental procedures, direct composite veneers have some indications and contraindications. These musts have to be understood very well by the clinician before treatment planning. However, this way direct composite veneers would no longer be named 'day savior fillings' and would be called minimally invasive, functional and long-lasting 'direct aesthetic restorations' that perfectly emulate the natural dental tissues. This article discusses the necessities of direct composite veneers for the ultimate success and illustrates how to perform minimally invasive, long-lasting, functional and natural-looking smile makeovers with these restorations in a single visit

Kırım’ın Merkantilist Dönemde Karadeniz Ticaretindeki Yeri

Located on major trade routes, its location at Blacksea, climate, inherited heritage provided having a live economic and commercial life in Crimea. The main sources of infome was animals but Crimea was also well developed at wine trade, the slave trade, sources of salt and dried fishery. From the participated in Ottoman Empire in the last quarter of 15th century to the last quarter of 18th century, Ottoman Empire protected its control on Crimea which was one of the provinces of the Ottoman Empire recognized the various concessions. The trade and economic relations of the Crimea which established a strong and as well as unique link between Ottoman Empire with the various concessions and variety of economic activities will form the basis of this study

Composite plastering technique (CPT) for anterior and posterior restorations

Composite plastering technique (CPT) is a novel restoration improvement technique for eliminating and re-contouring the marginal defects. Restoration-related interproximal contour deficiencies such as dark triangles beneath the contact point following direct class II restorations, the gaps at the interproximal cavity step following indirect cementations, and the gaps at the interproximal wall following class III restoration layering procedures can be corrected using the CPT. The technique may also be used as a layering step during the free-hand layering in diastema closure restorations. Contour deficiencies on interproximal surfaces which lead to the renewal of restoration and periodontal damages can be prevented by additional direct composite build-up using the CPT. The technique can be performed either immediately after the restoration directly or long after by using the composite repair protocol. It focuses on filling and re-contouring the surface of the deficiency by using a mylar strip actively under rubberdam isolation. Composite is loaded between the strip and the tooth surface and the strip is pulled slightly in palato-buccal or the opposite direction depending on the location of the defect, to fill it by plastering the composite. It may contribute the longevity of the restoration by improving the emergence profile and correcting the interproximal contour. Re-contouring of the interproximal surface defects by CPT is a useful approach to improve the esthetics as well as the function of anterior and posterior direct and indirect restorations which may also prolong the longevity

Aşınmış dişlerde boyut değişikliklerinin uzun dönem ölçülebilirliğinin çeşitli metotlarla değerlendirilmesi

Aşınmış Dişlerde Boyut Değişikliklerinin Uzun Dönem Ölçülebilirliğinin Çeşitli Metotlarla Değerlendirilmesi Amaç: Aşınmış insan kesici dişlerindeki boyut değişikliklerinin çeşitli teşhis yöntemleri kullanılarak uzun dönem takip edilmesi ve kullanılan yöntemlerin aşınmaların teşhis ve takibindeki etkinliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın in vitro bölümünde toplanan 100 adet çekilmiş kesici insan dişi “mine” ve “mine-dentin” grubu olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Dişlerin kesici kenarları mekanik aşındırma düzeneğinde 4 kez aşındırılmıştır. Aşındırmalar öncesi ve sonrasında dişlerden ultrasonik sistem, FluoreCam, dijital radyografi, dijital fotoğraflama, dijital modelleme ve kolorimetre metotları ile ölçüm yapılmıştır. Kontrol metodu olarak dijital mikrometre kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın in vivo bölümünde 5 bruksizm hastasına yalnızca macun, 5 bruksizm hastasına ise macun ve okluzal splint kullandırılmıştır. Hastaların belirlenen kesici dişlerinden ultrasonik sistem, FluoreCam, dijital radyografi ve kolorimetre yöntemleri ile her ay ölçüm yapılarak, aşınmalar 3 ay takip edilmiştir. Kontrol metodu olarak çalışma modeli analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kontrol metodu ile ultrasonik sistem arasında in vitro bölümde başlangıca göre takip eden aşındırmalarda sırasıyla pozitif yönlü %45.3, %79.7, %79.7, %81.1 düzeyinde, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı uyum bulunmaktadır. In vivo bölümde 1. grupta başlangıca göre takip eden aşındırmalarda sırasıyla pozitif yönlü %89.2, %94.4, %83.5 düzeyinde, 2. grupta sırasıyla pozitif yönlü %89.9, %78.3, %81.4 düzeyinde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı uyum bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar: Ultrasonik sistemin laboratuvar şartlarında ve klinikte 50 µm’ nin altındaki diş mine dokusu aşınmalarını teşhis ve takip edebildiği net bir şekilde ortaya koyulmuştur. Dijital radyografi, dijital fotoğraflama ve dijital modelleme metotları laboratuvarda 100 µm üzerindeki değişiklikleri belirleyebilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Bruksizm, Diş Aşınmaları, Diş Renklenmeleri, Teşhis Yöntemleri, Ultrasonik Sistem Assessment of Measurability of Dimensional Alterations of Worn Teeth by Various Methods at Different Time Periods Writer’ s Name: Bora KORKUT SUMMARY Aim: Assessment of various methods used on diagnosis of dimensional changes of worn human incisors at different time periods. Material and Method: In in vitro study, 100 extracted human incisors were divided into two groups as “enamel” and “enamel-dentin”. Incisal edges of the teeth were abraded for four times in a modified mechanical two-body surface grinder. Before and after grinding the teeth were evaluated by ultrasonic system, FluoreCam, digital radiography, digital photography, digital modeling and colorimeter. Digital micrometer was used as control. In in vivo study 5 patients with bruxism used tooth paste and other 5 bruxism patients used both tooth paste and occlusal splint. The teeth chosen were evaluated by ultrasonic system, FluoreCam, digital radiography and colorimeter every month for 3 months. Cast model analysis was used as control method. Findings: In in vitro study, wear results of control method and ultrasonic system compared to baseline data showed statistically significant positive correlation as 45.3%, 79.7%, 79.7%, 81.1% respectively between the groups. In in vivo study, wear results of control method and ultrasonic system compared to baseline data showed statistically significant positive correlation as 89.2%, 94.4%, 83.5% for the first group and 89.9%, 78.3%, 81.4% for the second group respectively. Results: Ultrasonic system could diagnose worn enamel in both laboratory and clinical practice at different time periods at 50 µm depth. Digital radiography, digital photography and digital modeling methods could only diagnose changes more than 100 µm. Key Words: Bruxism, Tooth Wear, Discoloration, Diagnostic Methods, Ultrasonic Syste

The advantages of the dental operative microscope in restorative dentistry

Magnification devices improve direct and indirect vision and precision being significantly higher in microscope use compared to the loupes. Dental loupes are the most commonly used devices for magnification, due to the more affordable prices and the ease of use without major changes in the working protocol and ergonomics. Loupes primary benefits reported refers to ergonomics and posture, restoration evaluation/detection and overall treatment quality. There are some disadvantages that limit the use of loupes among dentists: lack of fixed position (fine movements of the dentist's head disturb the image of the magnified operating field); the need to change the loupes to achieve different magnification. On the contrary, the use of a dental microscope require minimum adjustment and effort so as to reduce postural deviation while working. It has been more than 30 years since dental practitioners raised the issue of using dental operating microscopes (DOM) in restorative dentistry, identifying the benefits of magnification in diagnosis and treatment steps. The growth is evident in recent years, maybe because of the familiarity of dentists with dental microscopes which have already become implicit endowment for endodontic specialists. Fiber optic lighting is the key factor that complements the magnification offered by the microscope so that treatments can now be performed under increased safety conditions and in conditions of significantly higher quality than in the past. Since the beginning of the 2000s the principles of minimally invasive dentistry have been widely promoted in dentistry. These principles are major impetus for the use of microscope by dentists. Working with magnification leads dentists to be more conservative with dental tissues

Colorimetric Assessment of Surface Sealants for Discoloration of a Nanofilled Resin Composite

Objective: This in vitro study was aimed to assess the effect of different surface sealants on discoloration of a nonofilled resin-based composite quantitatively, using a colorimeter. Methods: 40 specimens were prepared using nanofilled resin composite, Filtek Universal Restorative (A2 shade, 3M, USA). Sprecimens were polymerized from both sides, polished using polishing discs (SofLex, 3M, USA) and divided by test groups (n = 10 for each), regarding the sealant used; Permaseal (Ultradent Products, USA), Biscover LV (Bisco, USA), Optiglaze Clear (GC Corp., Japan) and control group. Samples were discolored for 144 hours in coffee solution, and color measurements were performed using colorimeter (ShadeStar, Dentsply Sirona, USA). Nominal color codes of specimens regarding Vita Classical Shade Guide, were converted to corresponding numerical values. Level of color change after sealant application (Delta Vita1) and after discoloration (Delta Vita2) were calculated. Shapiro Wilk and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: Color changes in Permaseal, Optiglaze and control groups were significant (p = 0.05). Biscover group showed similar level of darkening with Optiglaze and control groups (p >= 0.05). Conclusion: Permaseal sealant presented significantly the highest discoloration, whereas Biscover and Optiglaze sealants presented similar and lower. Colorimeter might be determined as repeatable method for measuring discoloration in vitro

Effect of surface sealants on color stability of different resin composites

Objective. The aim was to assess the effect of surface sealants on the color stability of different composite materials. Methodology. 120 samples were prepared using Filtek Ultimate (3M, USA), Charisma Topaz (Kulzer, Germany), and Clearfil Majesty Es-2 Premium (Kuraray Noritake, Japan) composites. The samples were polished with polishing discs and divided by test groups (n=10 for each), regarding the sealant used; Permaseal (Ultradent Products, USA), Biscover LV (Bisco, USA), Optiglaze Clear (GC Corp., Japan) and control. The samples were discolored for 144 hours in coffee solution at constant 37ºC, renewing daily. Color measurements were performed at the baseline, following the sealant application, and after discoloration procedure, using a spectrophotometer (EasyShade 5, Vita-Zahnfabrik, Germany). The collected L*C*h* coordinates were converted to corresponding L*a*b* coordinates and the color changes (∆E) were calculated. Results. All the sealants presented perceptible (>1.2) and unacceptable (>2.7) color changes. Biscover LV presented the lowest ∆E among all sealants (p<0.001). The highest ∆E was observed for Permaseal (p<0.001). Color changes for Optiglaze and control groups were similar (p≥0.05). Filtek Ultimate presented the highest color stability (p<0.001), followed by Charisma Topaz and Clearfil Majesty. The combination of Filtek Ultimate with Biscover LV was considered to have the highest color stability, whereas the combination of Clearfil Majesty with Permaseal was considered the lowest, among all. Conclusion. Experimented sealants were considered relatively effective on color stability of resin composites depending on the type of the sealant and the composite material. However, the use of surface sealants may not be advantageous every time. Biscover LV have inhibited the level of discoloration, whereas Permaseal had an increasing effect generall