Fekal kökenli enterobacteriaceae üyeleri ve pseudomonos sp.'ye ait spesifik fajların sınıflandırılması, elektron mikroskobunda incelenmesi ve faj DNA'larının in vitro paketlenmesi

TEZ3078Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1998.Kaynakça (s. 133-142) var.vii, 142 s. ; rnk. res. ; 30 cm.

Influence of Nerium oleander L. Leaves on Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities

Nerium oleander L. (Common oleander, Apocynaceae) is an ornamental shrub in Mediterranean Region and all parts of this plant were toxic as it was reported in previous. In ten decades, many reports showed that this toxic plant have also antimicrobial and antifungal compounds. Thus, it has become essential to investigate the effects of oleander leaves on microbial populations and their enzyme activities in soil. Effects of oleander leaves on soil microbial populations (total aerobic bacteria and fungi) and enzyme (cellulase and xylanase) activities were determined under different moistures in present study. Oleander soils were taken from Cukurova University Campus in February 2014. Some soil physical and chemical properties with leaf carbon and nitrogen contents were determined. Soils were mixed with oleander leaves at doses of half (L0.5), same (L1) and double (L2) of soil organic carbon content and humidifi ed at their 80% and 60% of field capacities (80%FC and 60%FC). Soils without oleander leaves humidified at same fi eld capacities were used as controlled. All soils were incubated for 30 days at 28°C. Soil microbial populations and their cellulase and xylanase activities were measured on 15th and 30th days of incubation. All doses of oleander increased soil microbial populations compared to controls under both fi eld capacities. Bacteria populations were highest at L1 dose on 15th days and at L0.5 dose on 30th days under both FC. Same L1 and L0.5 doses were significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Fungi populations were generally increased as Oleander leaf doses increased in all days under both FC. Fungi was highest at L1 dose on 15th days and L2 dose on 30th days under both FC. In general, these same doses significantly increased fungi populations compared to controls (p<0.05). It was expected that as soil moisture decreased, soil microbial population would decrease in this study. However, effects of field capacities on soil aerobic bacteria were variable but fungi under 80%FC was generally higher than 60%FC in all doses. One of the main results in microbial populations was that time was more dominant factor than field capacity and leaf doses. Both soil bacteria and fungi populations were higher on 15th day than 30th day. Soil enzyme activities were generally increased by all leaf doses. In general, highest enzyme activities were measured at L2 dose that was significantly higher than control on both days and field capacities (p<0.05). Previous studies showed that these enzymes play a key role in carbon cycling and microorganisms utilize carbon sources from plant residues to sustain their lives by using these enzyme systems. In present study, it’s clear that Oleander leaves not only have any negative effect on soil microbial populations and their enzyme activities but also have enhanced soil microbial activity. It’s suggested that these results would greatly enhance our understanding of which groups of microorganisms are directly accessing a given nutrient resource, thus providing greater information about the pathways by which energy and nutrients flow through the soil food web.Th is study was funded by Cukurova University Scientifi c Research Projects Coordination Unit with project number: FEF2013BAP2

Influence of Nerium oleander L. Leaves on Soil Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities

Nerium oleander L. (Common oleander, Apocynaceae) is an ornamental shrub in Mediterranean Region and all parts of this plant were toxic as it was reported in previous. In ten decades, many reports showed that this toxic plant have also antimicrobial and antifungal compounds. Th us, it has become essential to investigate the eff ects of oleander leaves on microbial populations and their enzyme activities in soil. Effects of oleander leaves on soil microbial populations (total aerobic bacteria and fungi) and enzyme (cellulase and xylanase) activities were determined under diff erent moistures in present study. Oleander soils were taken from Cukurova University Campus in February 2014. Some soil physical and chemical properties with leaf carbon and nitrogen contents were determined. Soils were mixed with oleander leaves at doses of half (L0.5), same (L1) and double (L2) of soil organic carbon content and humidified at their 80% and 60% of field capacities (80%FC and 60%FC). Soils without oleander leaves humidified at same field capacities were used as controlled. All soils were incubated for 30 days at 28°C. Soil microbial populations and their cellulase and xylanase activities were measured on 15th and 30th days of incubation. All doses of oleander increased soil microbial populations compared to controls under both field capacities. Bacteria populations were highest at L1 dose on 15th days and at L0.5 dose on 30th days under both FC. Same L1 and L0.5 doses were significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Fungi populations were generally increased as Oleander leaf doses increased in all days under both FC. Fungi was highest at L1 dose on 15th days and L2 dose on 30th days under both FC. In general, these same doses significantly increased fungi populations compared to controls (p<0.05). It was expected that as soil moisture decreased, soil microbial population would decrease in this study. However, effects of field capacities on soil aerobic bacteria were variable but fungi under 80%FC was generally higher than 60%FC in all doses. One of the main results in microbial populations was that time was more dominant factor than field capacity and leaf doses. Both soil bacteria and fungi populations were higher on 15th day than 30th day. Soil enzyme activities were generally increased by all leaf doses. In general, highest enzyme activities were measured at L2 dose that was significantly higher than control on both days and field capacities (p<0.05). Previous studies showed that these enzymes play a key role in carbon cycling and microorganisms utilize carbon sources from plant residues to sustain their lives by using these enzyme systems. In present study, it’s clear that Oleander leaves not only have any negative effect on soil microbial populations and their enzyme activities but also have enhanced soil microbial activity. It’s suggested that these results would greatly enhance our understanding of which groups of microorganisms are directly accessing a given nutrient resource, thus providing greater information about the pathways by which energy and nutrients flow through the soil food web. This study was funded by Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with Project number: FEF2013BAP27

Atmospheric concentration of cladosporium and alternaria spores in Adana and preparation of protein extracts for use in skin-prick test

30th Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) -- JUN 11-15, 2011 -- Istanbul, TURKEYWOS: 000329462201013…European Acad Allergy & Clin Immunol (EAACI

The change of fungal spore concentrations with meteorologic factors in atmospher of Adana and the usage of protein extracts obtained from these atmospheric fungi in skin prick tests

Giriş: Hava kaynaklı mantar sporlarının konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi mevsimsel allerjik hastalıkların klinik tanısında ve izleminde yararlı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada birinci amaç, 12 ay süresince, meteorolojik faktörlerin Adana atmosferindeki fungal spor konsantrasyonlarının değişimi üzerine etkilerini araştırmak; ikinci amaç ise, atmosferden elde edilen fungal hücre protein ekstrelerinin deri prik (delme) testlerinde kullanılabilirliğini test etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 01 Ocak 2006-01 Ocak 2007 tarihleri arasında Adana atmosferinde bulunan fungal sporlar şehir merkezine yerleştirilen Burkard spor tutma aleti ile toplanmıştır. Cladosporium ve Alternaria spor konsantrasyonları günlük olarak sayılmıştır. Sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgar, göreli nem gibi meteorolojik faktörlerin spor konsantrasyonlarının değişimi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, atmosferden izole edilmiş ve tür düzeyinde tanımlanmış Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria pluriseptata ve Alternaria tenuissima mantar türlerinden total hücre proteini ekstreleri hazırlanmış; bu ekstreler, 35 mantar allerjili birey ve 20 kişilik kontrol grubuna deri prik testinde uygulanarak sonuçlar, klinikte kullanılan standart fungal allerjenler ile kıyaslanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma dönemini içeren 12 aylık süreçte, Adana atmosferinde toplam 1.537.307 mantar sporu mikroskopta sayılmış, bunlardan 1.117.763 (%73)’ü Cladosporium, 419.544 (%27)’ü Alternaria olarak tanımlanmıştır. Cladosporium ve Alternaria spor sayısı mayıs ayında 314.477 Cladosporium ve 159.291 Alternaria ile maksimuma ulaşmıştır. Özellikle 15-25°C sıcaklık ve %60-70 civarı nem oranı olduğu zaman fungal spor sayısının arttığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada hazırlanan mantar ekstrelerinin deri testlerinde, kontrol grubunda hiçbir reaksiyona yol açmadığı, mantar-allerjik bireylerde ise, klinikte kullanılan standart mantar allerjenlerinkine çok benzer hiperemi ve endurasyon yanıtı oluşturdukları saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Adana atmosferinde fungal spor konsantrasyonları, allerjik eşik değerinin çok üzerinde olup, başta sıcaklık ve nem olmak üzere, birçok meteorolojik parametreden etkilenebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, atmosferdeki mantarlardan elde edilen protein ekstrelerinin deri testlerinde kullanımı, standart fungal allerjenler ile kıyaslandığında başarılı bulunmuştur.Objective: The determination of airborne fungal spore concentrations can be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of allergic diseases. The first aim was to investigate the effects of meteorologic factors on the changes of fungal spore concentrations atmosphere. The second aim was to test the usage of cell protein extracts which obtained from these atmospheric fungi in skin prick tests. Materials and Methods: The fungal spores were collected by means of a Burkard seven-day recording volumetric trap. Daily concentrations of Cladosporium and Alternaria spores have been recorded. The effects of the meteorological factors like temperature and relative humidity on the variation of spore concentrations have been investigated. Additionally, total cell protein extracts were prepared from fungi; these extracts were used in skin prick tests of 35 children with fungal allergy and 20 children as control group: the results were compared with standart fungal allergens. Results: During the study period, total 1.537.307 fungal spores were counted; 1.117.763 (73%) of them were defined as Cladosporium and 419.544 (%27) were Alternaria. The number of Cladosporium and Alternaria spores reached to maximum level at may with 314.477 of Cladosporium and 159.291 of Alternaria. The increase in number of fungal spores was detected especially in the presence of temperature between 15-25°C and in humidity of 60- 70%. The fungal extracts prepared in this study did not caused any reaction when applied in skin prick tests of the control group; in the fungal allergic children, the response of hyperemia and enduration was very similar to the those of the standart fungal allergens. Conclusion: The fungal spore concentrations in Adana were above the allergic threshold levels; and could be affected by various meteorologic factors. Additionally, when compared with the standart fungal allergens, the usage of protein extracts obtained from the atmospheric fungi in skin prick tests was found success full

İki farklı anket tekniğinin karşılaştırılması: Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi okul çağı çocuklarında ailenin doldurduğu ile doktor kılavuzluğunda ailenin doldurduğu anketlerin allerjik hastalıklarda risk faktörlerini belirlemedeki değeri

Giriş: Astım ve allerjik hastalıkların prevalansındaki değişiklikleri değerlendirmek ve allerjik hastalıklar ile olası risk faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için son 15 yılda bölgemizde birbirini izleyen üç proje yürüttük. Son araştırmada, okulçağı çocuklarında allerjik hastalıkların risk faktörlerini belirlemede iki farklı anket tekniğini karşılaştırdık; doğrudan ebeveynin yanıtladığı ve doktor tarafından yönlendirilerek ebeveynin yanıtla- dığı anketler. Materyal ve Metod: ISAAC anketi 5150 okul-çağı çocuğuna (6-14 yaş) verildi ve bu anketlerden 3470 (%67.3) tanesi geri getirildi. Ebeveynler, astım, allerjik rinokonjunktivit ve atopik egzema hakkında basit iki sayfalık bir anketi ve risk faktörleri hakkında bir sayfalık bir anketi yanıtladılar. Anket sonuçlarına göre 100 çocuktan oluşan bir atopik grup oluşturduk ve allerjik semptomları olmayan 100 çocuk rastgele kontrol olarak seçildi. Bu 200 çocuğun deri testi, solunum fonksiyon testleri ve spesifik IgE düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin %11.6-41.8’i, aynı koşullarda yaşamalarına karşın, ikinci ankette yanıtlarını kabul etmediler. Ebeveynlerin %17.8-52.8’i ilk ankette kabul etmedikleri risk faktörü sorularının bazılarını ikinci ankette kabul ettiler. Astım ve diğer allerjik hastalıklar için risk faktörleri anketleri arasında farklılıklar vardı. Suçiçeği öyküsü, yineleyen alt solunum yolu infeksiyonu öyküsü hem ilk hem de ikinci ankette temel risk faktörleri olarak belirlendi. Her iki ankette de, ailede allerjik rinit öyküsü olması allerjik rinit gelişimi için temel risk faktörüydü. Sonuç: Risk faktörleri ve allerjik hastalıkların prevalansı arasında güvenilir neden-sonuç ilişkisi elde edebilmek için, özellikle düşük sosyoekonomik durumu olan toplumlarda, anket çalışmalarına ek olarak ayrıntılı serolojik ve immünolojik laboratuvar testlerinin yapılması gerektiğini öneriyoruz.Objective: Wecarried out three consecutive projects in our region over the last 15 years in order to assess changes in the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases and to investigate the relationship between the allergic diseases and possible risk factors. In the last survey, we compared two different questionnaire techniques - the direct parent-reported and the doctor guided-parent reported questionnaires-in determining the risk factors for allergic diseases among school-age children. Materials and Methods: ISAAC questionnaires were given to 5150 school-age children (6-14 years) and 3470 (67.3%) of these were returned. The parents completed a simple two-page written questionnaire about asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema and a one-page questionnaire about the risk factors. According to the questionnaire results, we constituted an atopic group of 100 children, and 100 children with no allergic symptoms were chosen randomly as the control group. Skin prick test, pulmonary function tests and specific IgE levels were evaluated in those 200 children. Results: 11.6-41.8% of the parents denied their answers in the second questionnaire, even though they were living under the same conditions. 17.8-52.8% of the parents accepted some of the questions regarding the risk factors in the second questionnaire after denial in the first. There were differences between the two questionnaires regarding the risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases. History of varicella and history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection were found as major risk factors both in the first and second questionnaire. Family history of allergic rhinitis was the major risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis in both questionnaires. Conclusion: In order to obtain a reliable cause-result relationship between the risk factors and the prevalence of allergic diseases, we suggest that detailed serologic and immunologic laboratory tests should be performed in addition to the questionnaire studies, especially in populations with lower socioeconomic status