Impact of Paper Waste and Earthworm on Nutrient and Heavy Metal Content of Rice Straw Compost in the Absence of Manure

Plant residues after harvest are serious problem. In the recycling process of these residues, composting and vermicomposting is an economic, ecologic, and biologic alternative. Recycling of rice straw waste is also difficult due to its degradation resistant structure. Although it is prohibited in many countries, it is still open burned which destroy soil and environment. Paper waste also has a large share in municipal solid waste and is a suitable recycling material. Rice straw wastes are composted and vermicomposted with or without paper waste in the absence of manure. There are significant differences (p<0.01) between the treatments for all nutrients and heavy metals. NPK contents are highest in the treatment of Rice Straw Vermicompost (RSV). Mg, Zn and B are also the highest in RSV treatment while Ca, Fe and Cu contents are greater in the treatments Rice Straw Paper Compost (RSPC) and Rice Straw Paper Vermicompost (RSPV). Heavy metal contents are the lowest in Rice Straw Compost (RSC) treatment and increase in the presence of earthworm while all the heavy metal contents are below the limit values. This study also shows it is possible for rice straw to be converted into N rich compost without involving any manure

A RESEARCH ON THE UREA HYDROLYSIS RATE IN THE SOILS OF THRACE REGION

It seems that urea fertilizers have advantages over ammonium nitrate fertilizers in terms of leaching losses when they are applied in February. On the other hand, the losses from the urea fertilizers in the form of NH3 gas when they are applied in February which is damp and cool, may be considered to be non signifi cant, which becomes a profound idea. Conducting fi eld trials on the investigation of suitable time and rate of urea fertilizers application may be suggested a way to be followed. According to the diagnosis from the research, hydrolyse of urea is bound to features of the soil. In the beginning of the incubation for the fact hydrolysis of urea is fast that features of soil. Dry wheat agriculture which takes major part in our agriculture, urea’s progress of hydrolysis ensure suitable and balanced fertilizing and also ensure the amount and quality of crop increase in a fi eld. It has to be emphasized with processing of an adequate and balanced program of fertilizing is useful both our economy and environment

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN A DRY ONION FIELD (A PRECISION FARMING APPLICATION IN TURKEY)

Objective of this study is to determine spatial variability in a dry onion fi eld and to produce a management strategy which is based on spatial variability of yield and soil components. The onion fi eld properties were determined and given in maps. Soil samples were taken to determine properties of soil such as pH, salt, humidity, CaCO3, organic matter, total N, Zn, Fe, P2O5, Ca+Mg, K, texture. Longitudinal slope was also measured. Results were used to produce maps. Most percentage of the fi eld soils was determined as clay-loam. Small part of the fi eld was loam. Yield of dry onion decreased by increasing of Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, Iron, and Zinc in the fi eld according to the related maps. Relationship between yield and phosphorous, CaCO3, Ca+Mg and salt was positive according to the related maps

Reduction in the Allelopathic Potential of Conocarpus erectus L. through Vermicomposting

The utilization of vermi-technology to reduce allelopathic effects is a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally appropriate alternative to traditional chemical and mechanical methods. The current investigation was an effort to obtain vermicompost from C. erectus and its binary combination with soil and farmyard manure (FYM) using E. foetida. The pH, EC, organic carbon, macro and micro-nutrients, CO2 emission, the average growth rate of the worms, number of worms, number of cocoons, and weight gained by earthworms were analyzed by standard methods. The present study also investigated the effect of produced vermicompost on the growth and yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L). The maximum reduction in soil pH was observed (6.47) in vermicompost of C. erectus leaves, among other treatments. The highest N (1.86%), P (0.15%), and K (0.41%) contents were found in the vermicompost of C. erectus leaves + FYM. Similarly, the maximum plant height (36.00 cm) was achieved in vermicompost of C. erectus leaves + FYM compared to other treatments. The highest SPAD value was observed (56.37) when the soil was treated with vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + FYM) @ 5 t ha?1, followed by the treatment where vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + soil) @ 8 t ha?1 was applied. The soil amendment of vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + FYM) @ 5 t ha?1 showed competitive results (in terms of the growth and yield parameters of mung beans) compared to other types of vermicompost and C. erectus biomass. This study has the potential to reduce the phytotoxicity of C. erectus biomass and transform it into a potent organic fertilizer through vermicomposting. © 2022 by the authors.7527/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2017, Ph- II-MG-9)/PAKTURK/R&D/HEC/2018Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/245), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia. The authors are grateful to HEC for funding this research through the following HEC projects: “Vermicomposting: A resourceful organic fertilizer to improve agriculture production and soil health” (NRPU-HEC project no. 7527/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2017) and “Vermicomposting: An Agricultural Waste Management Technology” (project vide letter no. (Ph- II-MG-9)/PAKTURK/R&D/HEC/2018, though Pak-Turk Researchers Mobility Grant Program Phase- 2)

Evaluation of Phosphorus Status of Thrace Region Soils and Suitability of Different Chemical Methods Used to Determine Plant Available Soil Phosphorus of These Soils

Abstract BELLITURK, Korkmaz, Fatma DANISMAN, Nazli BALDAN PAKDIL and F u a t YILMAZ, 2007. Evaluation of phosphorus status of Thrace region soils and suitability of different chemical methods used to determine plant available soil phosphorus of these soils. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., The purpose of this research is to determine the phosphorus amount of soils of Tekirdag province that have different chemical and physical properties according to the Neubauer method which is selected as a biological method and to select the method which gives highest relationship from the 3 different chemical extraction methods for determining the available phosphorus amount. For this purpose 26 samples of soil are collected from 0-20 cm&apos;s depth in Tekirdag. The greenhouse study has been performed in accordance to the Neubauer seedling method and coincidence pattern with 3 repetitions. The rye (Secale cerale L.) has been selected as the test plant. In order to determine the most suitable chemical method as related to dried matter yield, phosphorus content and total phosphorus uptake of the test plant has been taken as the biological (standard) criterion. No relationship has been found between any of the chemical extraction methods and dry matter yield of rye plant in this study. According to the research results, significant relationships have been found only with the water soluble phosphorus method and phosphorus content and total phosphorus uptake of the test plant (respectively r= 0.374*, r= 0.342*)

The Effect of Different Vermicompost Doses on Wheat (Triticum vulgaris L.) Nutrition

WOS: 000450766000001Vermicompost is an organic material that is received after a process of digestion some kinds of wastes (harvest, kitchen, manure etc.) by earthworms. It has an extensive usage in agriculture such as soil conditioner, source of organic fertilizer in both organic and inorganic agriculture. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effects of increasing doses of vermicomposts combined to soil and peat on wheat (Triticum vulgaris L.) growth and nutrition. For this purpose, air dried soil and peat were mixed with three rates of vermicompost equivalent to 0% (control), 25% and 50% (v/v) combinations. The treatments were replicated three times. The data revealed that nutritional concentration of aerial parts was influenced significantly by the application of vermicompost in the growth media. This study suggests that the vermicompost use in plant production has a role as a source of nutrients for plant growth

Reduction in the Allelopathic Potential of <i>Conocarpus erectus</i> L. through Vermicomposting

The utilization of vermi-technology to reduce allelopathic effects is a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally appropriate alternative to traditional chemical and mechanical methods. The current investigation was an effort to obtain vermicompost from C. erectus and its binary combination with soil and farmyard manure (FYM) using E. foetida. The pH, EC, organic carbon, macro and micro-nutrients, CO2 emission, the average growth rate of the worms, number of worms, number of cocoons, and weight gained by earthworms were analyzed by standard methods. The present study also investigated the effect of produced vermicompost on the growth and yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L). The maximum reduction in soil pH was observed (6.47) in vermicompost of C. erectus leaves, among other treatments. The highest N (1.86%), P (0.15%), and K (0.41%) contents were found in the vermicompost of C. erectus leaves + FYM. Similarly, the maximum plant height (36.00 cm) was achieved in vermicompost of C. erectus leaves + FYM compared to other treatments. The highest SPAD value was observed (56.37) when the soil was treated with vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + FYM) @ 5 t ha−1, followed by the treatment where vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + soil) @ 8 t ha−1 was applied. The soil amendment of vermicompost (C. erectus leaves + FYM) @ 5 t ha−1 showed competitive results (in terms of the growth and yield parameters of mung beans) compared to other types of vermicompost and C. erectus biomass. This study has the potential to reduce the phytotoxicity of C. erectus biomass and transform it into a potent organic fertilizer through vermicomposting