Measuring system for testing electrical parameters of EMCCDs of various formats

This article describes the developed equipment that allows measuring the photoelectrical parameters of multielement photodetectors, specifically various formats of EMCCD (electron multiplying charge-coupled device) chips. The authors present the measuring techniques and test results on dark currents, output amplifier sensitivity, charge transfer efficiency, charge capacity and other parameters. The studies were conducted, both on the wafer and in the body, on samples of the following formats: 576×288, 640×512, 768×576, 1024×1024, and 1280×1024.В данной статье описывается разработанное оборудование, позволяющее измерять фотоэлектрические параметры многоэлементных фотоприемников, в частности, различных форматов микросхем ПЗСЭУ (приборы с зарядовой связью и электронным умножением). Представляны методы измерения и результаты испытаний на темновые токи, чувствительность выходного усилителя, эффективность переноса заряда, зарядную емкость и другие параметры. Исследования проводились на образцах следующих форматов: 576×288, 640×512, 768×576, 1024×1024 и 1280×1024, как на пластине, так и в корпусе.В даній статті описано розроблену вимірювальну систему, що дозволяє досліджувати фотоелектричні параметри багатоелементних фотоприймачів, зокрема ПЗЗЕМ різних форматів. Представлено методики та результати вимірювань темнових струмів, чутливості вихідного підсилювача, ефективності передачі заряду, зарядової ємності та інших параметрів. Дослідження проводилися на зразках формату 576×288, 640×512, 768×576, 1024×1024, 1280×1024 як на пластинах, так і в корпусах

Information readout devices for large-size matrices of IR-photodiodes

The research results are given for designed and manufactured readout devices for matrices of infrared photodiodes of formats 640×512 and 320×256. The article comments the architecture of reading circuit diagramming and its influence on the parameters of the FPU, the design of interfaces with an infrared photodiodes, the design of the reading circuit of the information charge, the influence of the geometric dimensions of the matrix elements on the output parameters of readout devices. A comparison of calculated and measured parameters of readout devices has been carried out

OPPORTUNITIES OF MULTISPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF RETROPERITONEAL SARCOMA IN CHILDREN

The goal of this work was the assessment of capability for multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the diagnostics of retroperitoneal tumors in children. We studied the results of multidetector computed tomography of 63 sick children (36 boys (58 %) and 27girls (42 %)) between the ages of 1 month to 16 years, from 2012 to 2015. The average age of the patients was 4.9 ± 4.5 years, with a predominance of boys (2: 1.4). Among retroperitoneal tumors in children most often we found neuroblastoma (50.8 %): in 38.1 % it was detected in boys, in 12.7 % - in girls (p < 0.05). Nephroblastoma was detected in 10 %, the other retroperitoneal tumors accounted for 40 %. In 56 % neuroblastoma was located at the upper level of retroperitoneal space. In 44 % tumors localized in para-aortic area, in paravertebral space or in the pelvis. Neuroblastomas on MDCT scans were presented by heterogeneous formations, unevenly accumulating contrast. In 62 % of cases we detected calcifications, in 19 % we observed cysts and in 56 % of cases there were metastatic involvements detected. Thus, the MDCT is a method able to accurately specify the localization of the tumor, to clarify the character and volume of destruction, to determine the exact size of a tumor and its relationship with the surrounding tissues, as well as to reveal metastatic lesions in the abdominal cavity and in other organs

CCD photomatrixes with electron multiplication

Electron multiplication charge coupled devices (EMCCD) technology is an innovation first introduced slightly more than a decade ago. The EMCCD is an image sensor that is capable of detecting an isolated photon without an image intensifier. It is achieved by electron multiplication circuit that is built in the chip of ordinary CCD. Cameras with EMCCD arrays overcome limitations of getting high sensitivity with high frame rate. Traditional CCD cameras can be highly sensitive in the visible part of spectrum but at the expense of low frame rate. EMCCD can operate at very faint illumination conditions both in visible and near infrared regions. The paper presents a short technological description of EMCCD 640×512 arrays manufacturing and some parameters of the arrays that were designed and manufactured. It was shown that multiplication coefficient depends much on applied amplification voltage and can achieve 1000. Also it is shown that images can be obtained at low illumination conditions (illumination at EMCCD is near 5·10-4 lx)

Thermal imager based on the array light sensor device of 128×128 CdHgTe-photodiodes

The results of investigation of developed thermal imager for middle (3—5 µm) infrared region are presented and its applications features are discussed. The thermal imager consists of cooled to 80 K 128×128 diodes focal plane array on the base of cadmium–mercury–telluride compound and cryostat with temperature checking system. The photodiode array is bonded with readout device (silicon focal processor) via indium microcontacts. The measured average value of noise equivalent temperature difference was NETD= 20±4 mK (background radiation temperature T = 300 K, field of view 2θ = 180°, the cooled diaphragm was not used)