8 research outputs found
Unraveling signatures of chicken genetic diversity and divergent selection in breed-specific patterns of early myogenesis, nitric oxide metabolism and post-hatch growth
Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR). These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (MSTN, GHR, MEF2C, MYOD1, MYOG, MYH1, and MYF5), quantitative real-time PCR was used. We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated (βaccordβ) expression patterns of MSTN, GHR, and MEFC2 were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for MYOG and MYOD1 in the breast muscles and for MYOG and MYF5 genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds. The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds
Features of fractal conformity and bioconsolidation in the early myogenesis gene expression and their relationship to the genetic diversity of chicken breeds
Simple Summary
In the bodies of animals, including birds, gene expression leads to the synthesis of many proteins. To provide optimal cellular and organismal properties and functions, many genes should work in concert, reaching certain balanced relationships (or networks) between them and the intensities of their expression. Here, we studied the expression of several genes responsible for muscle formation and growth in chick embryos of diverse breeds belonging to various utility types. Using two mathematical (fractal) models and the respective indices, we showed that there are specific coordinated patterns of gene expression in the embryonic breast and thigh muscles. These patterns correlated with growth rate of chicks after hatching and depended on a utility type of the breeds studied. Overall, the proposed models contributed to an expanded understanding of the coordinated gene expression in early development and growth, providing additional characteristics of genetic diversity in chickens.
Abstract
Elements of fractal analysis are widely used in scientific research, including several biological disciplines. In this study, we hypothesized that chicken breed biodiversity manifests not only at the phenotypic level, but also at the genetic-system level in terms of different profiles of fractal conformity and bioconsolidation in the early myogenesis gene expression. To demonstrate this effect, we developed two mathematical models that describe the fractal nature of the expression of seven key genes in the embryonic breast and thigh muscles in eight breeds of meat, dual purpose, egg and game types. In the first model, we produced breed-specific coefficients of gene expression conformity in each muscle type using the slopes of regression dependencies, as well as an integral myogenesis gene expression index (MGEI). Additionally, breed fractal dimensions and integral myogenesis gene expression fractal dimension index (MGEFDI) were determined. The second gene expression model was based on plotting fractal portraits and calculating indices of fractal bioconsolidation. The bioconsolidation index of myogenesis gene expression correlated with the chick growth rate and nitric oxide (NO) oxidation rate. The proposed fractal models were instrumental in interpreting the genetic diversity of chickens at the level of gene expression for early myogenesis, NO metabolism and the postnatal growth of chicks
Breed-specific patterns of early myogenesis, nitric oxide metabolism, and post-hatch growth in relation to genetic diversity and divergent selection in chickens [ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΡΡ]
Aims: There is currently a significant genetic diversity across poultry breeds as a result of long-term domestication, breeding, and divergent selection, with each breed having its own distinctive phenotypic and genetic characteristics [1,2]. We presumed and set out to investigate whether differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally significant traits [3] manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages.
Methods: Breed-specific patterns and relationships of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, and post-hatch growth rate were studied and analyzed [4].
Results: Our research revealed that myogenesis genes were coordinatedly expressed in the thigh and breast muscles, demonstrating breed uniqueness. Indicators of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were largely consistent with utility breed types, with meat breeds showing higher NO oxidation levels and better growth rate values in comparison to egg, dual purpose, game, and fancy breeds.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that breed-specific variations in early myogenesis, NO metabolism, and post-hatch growth adequately represent genetic variety and reliably depict the evolutionary history of diversely chosen chicken breeds
[The effect of the prebiotic Vetelact on the gut microbiota of chickens of the parent herd] ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°
Using molecular genetic technologies, the positive effect of the prebiotic Vetelact on the intestinal microbiota of commercial laying hens has been shown.
Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡ-Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ
[Methodical recommendations on the use of antimicrobial feed additive for the prevention of stress in industrial crosses of laying hens] ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΡ-Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ
The methodological recommendations were developed within the framework of the Grant Agreement No. 14.W03.31.0013 dated February 20, 2017 as part of the implementation of the Russian Federation Government Resolution No. 220 dated April 9, 2010 on the topic βDevelopment of State-of-the-Art Biotechnologies to Assess Gene Expression in Relation to Performance and Disease Resistance in Poultry Industryβ. The methodological recommendations are intended for specialists and managers of poultry farms, farmers, researchers, teachers and students of agricultural universities as well as students of the advanced training system. The methodological recommendations were approved by the UMK FZTA, Protocol No. 04 dated December 14, 2021.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° β 14.W03.31.0013 ΠΎΡ 20 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2017 Π³. Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ 9 Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2010 Π³. β 220 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Β«Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Β». ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π£ΠΠ Π€ΠΠ’Π, ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» β 04 ΠΎΡ Β«14Β» Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΡ 2021 Π³
[Methodical recommendations on the implementation of the developed system for the prevention of pathogen bacteria by correcting diets in laying hens and using antimicrobial additives] ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ
The recommendations are intended for specialists and managers of poultry farms, farmers, researchers, teachers and students of agricultural universities as well as students of the advanced training system.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
[Practical recommendations for the use of feed additives to improve the productivity and stress resistance of egg poultry] ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡ
The recommendations are intended for specialists and managers of poultry farms, farmers, researchers, teachers and students of agricultural universities as well as students of the advanced training system.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ², ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ