85 research outputs found

    Destruction of chemical warfare surrogates using a portable atmospheric pressure plasma jet

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    Today’s reality is connected with mitigation of threats from the new chemical and biological warfare agents. A novel investigation of cold plasmas in contact with liquids presented in this paper demonstrated that the chemically reactive environment produced by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) is potentially capable of rapid destruction of chemical warfare agents in a broad spectrum. The decontamination of three different chemical warfare agent surrogates dissolved in liquid is investigated by using an easily transportable APPJ. The jet is powered by a kHz signal source connected to a low-voltage DC source and with He as working gas. The detailed investigation of electrical properties is performed for various plasmas at different distances from the sample. The measurements of plasma properties in situ are supported by the optical spectrometry measurements, whereas the high performance liquid chromatography measurements before and after the treatment of aqueous solutions of Malathion, Fenitrothion and Dimethyl Methylphosphonate. These solutions are used to evaluate destruction and its efficiency for specific neural agent simulants. The particular removal rates are found to be from 56% up to 96% during 10 min treatment. The data obtained provide basis to evaluate APPJ’s efficiency at different operating conditions. The presented results are promising and could be improved with different operating conditions and optimization of the decontamination process

    Определение эффективного коэффициента размножения нейтронов пoдкритической сборки «Ялiна-Тепловая»

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    To study the kinetics of subcritical systems and determine the optimal conditions for the transmutation of longlived radioactive waste in the neutron spectrum of ADS-systems the “Yalina” research nuclear facility was created at Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research – Sosny (Minsk, Belarus). The main safety indicator of a subcritical system (active zone reactivity) was measured for a “Yalina-Thermal” assembly via three independent methods: inverse multiplication, probabilistic and impulse ones. For the inverse multiplication method, the neutron flux density was monitored during assembly loading. For a fuel load of 285 EK-10 rods the neutron multiplication was M = 22.3±0.6, and the effective neutron multiplication coefficient was keff = 0.9551± 0.0016. The probabilistic method (Feynman-alpha method), based on measuring fluctuations in the neutron density level within a system with a fission chain reaction, gave the ratio of the variance to the average counting rate value D/n = 1.779±0.005, which corresponds to keff = 0.9597 ±0.0003. The pulse method is aimed at studying the neutron flux behavior of after the neutron pulse injection into the breeding system. Measurements were held with the same setup, used in the Feynman-alpha method. The measured decay constant of instantaneous neutrons is α = –670±0.7 1/s, which corresponds to keff = 0.9560±0.0001. The effective multiplication factor keff of the subcritical assembly “Yalina-Thermal”, obtained via three different independent methods, is around average value of keff = 0.9569 ± 0.0018. The methods considered can be used for subcritical level monitoring for ADS-systems and research nuclear facilities.Для изучения кинетики подкритических систем и определения оптимальных условий трансмутации долгоживущих радиоактивных продуктов деления в спектре ADS-систем (Accelerator Driven Subcritical System) в Объединенном институте энергетических и ядерных исследований – Сосны создана исследовательская ядерная установка (ИЯУ) «Ялiна», включающая генератор нейтронов и две подкритические сборки: «Яліна-Тепловая» с тепловым спектром нейтронов и «Яліна-Бустер» – с быстрым. Представлены исследования по изучению реактивности подкритической сборки «Яліна-Тепловая». Для этого были проведены измерения эффективного коэффициента размножения нейтронов (kэфф) тремя независимыми методами: обратного умножения, вероятностным и импульсным. Исследование выполнялось для топливной загрузки из 285 твэлов ЭК-10. Для метода обратного умножения измеренный коэффициент умножения составил М = 22,3 ± 0,6, что соответствует эффективному коэффициенту размножения нейтронов kэфф = 0,9551 ±0,0016. Измерения по вероятностному методу, или методу Фейнман-альфа, основанному на измерении флуктуации уровня нейтронной плотности в системе, дали значение kэфф = 0,9597± 0,0003. При изучении поведения нейтронов после введения нейтронного импульса в подкритическую среду (импульсный метод) была измерена постоянная спада мгновенных нейтронов α = –670±0,7 1/с, которая соответствует kэфф = 0,9560± 0,0001. В результате проведенных исследований получено среднее значение kэфф подкритической сборки «Ялiна-Тепловая», которое составило kэфф = 0,9569±0,0018. Рассмотренные методы могут применятся для мониторинга уровня подкритичности ADS-систем и исследовательских ядерных установок

    Mechanochemical reactions during the drawing of copper

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    Nonlinear oscillation of a cylindrical panel bound to an elastic base

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