Adjusted prevalence of current smoking in Canadian provinces for men (left) and women (right) aged 15 years and above, Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey 2010.

<p>Darker colours indicate higher prevalence. Estimates adjusted for age, sex, marital status, occupation, education. Province name abbreviations: Alta. Alberta; B.C. British Columbia; Man. Manitoba; N.B. New Brunswick; N.L. Newfoundland; N.S. Nova Scotia; O.N. Ontario; P.E.I. Prince Edward Island; Que. Quebec; Sask. Saskatchewan; data not available for Yukon Territory (Y.T.), Northwest Territories (N.W.T), or Nunavut (Nvt.).</p

Adjusted prevalence of current smoking and quitting in Canada by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and province.

<p>BC British Columbia; PEI Prince Edward Island.</p

Adjusted prevalence of quitting in Canadian provinces for men (left) and women (right) aged 15 years and above, Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey 2010.

<p>Darker colours indicate higher prevalence. Estimates adjusted for age, sex, marital status, occupation, education. Province name abbreviations: Alta. Alberta; B.C. British Columbia; Man. Manitoba; N.B. New Brunswick; N.L. Newfoundland; N.S. Nova Scotia; O.N. Ontario; P.E.I. Prince Edward Island; Que. Quebec; Sask. Saskatchewan; data not available for Yukon Territory (Y.T.), Northwest Territories (N.W.T), or Nunavut (Nvt.).</p

Odds ratios for current smoking for a one-category increase in the level of education and occupation across Canadian provinces.

<p>BC British Columbia; PEI Prince Edward Island.</p

Comparison of adjusted prevalence estimates for current smoking and quitting for Canadian provinces based on mutually adjusted fixed effects and multilevel logistic regression models.

<p>Province name abbreviations: AB Alberta; BC British Columbia; MB Manitoba; NB New Brunswick; NL Newfoundland; NS Nova Scotia; ON Ontario; PE Prince Edward Island; QC Quebec; SK Saskatchewan.</p

Odds ratios for quitting for a one-category increase in the level of education and occupation across Canadian provinces.

<p>BC British Columbia; PEI Prince Edward Island.</p

Parental and offspring contribution of genetic markers of adult blood pressure in early life: The FAMILY study

<div><p>Previous genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified associations of multiple common variants with diastolic and systolic blood pressure traits in adults. However, the contribution of these loci to variations of blood pressure in early life is unclear. We assessed the child and parental contributions of 33 GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for blood pressure in 1,525 participants (515 children, 406 mothers and 237 fathers) of the Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In early life (FAMILY) study followed-up for 5 years. Two genotype scores for systolic (29 SNPs) and diastolic (24 SNPs) blood pressure were built. Linear mixed-effect regressions showed significant association between rs1378942 in <i>CSK</i> and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.98±0.46, <i>P</i> = 3.4×10⁻²). The child genotype scores for diastolic and systolic blood pressure were not associated in children. Nominally significant parental genetic effects were found between the SNPs rs11191548 (<i>CYP17A1</i>) (paternal, β = 2.78±1.49, <i>P</i> = 6.1×10⁻² for SBP and β = 3.60±1.24, <i>P</i> = 3.7×10⁻³ for DBP), rs17367504 (<i>MTHFR</i>) (paternal, β = 2.42±0.93, <i>P</i> = 9.3×10⁻³ for SBP and β = 1.89±0.80, <i>P</i> = 1.8×10⁻² for DBP and maternal, β = -1.32±0.60, <i>P</i> = 2.9×10⁻² and β = -1.97±0.77, <i>P</i> = 1.0×10⁻², for SBP and DBP respectively) and child blood pressure. Our study supports the view that adult GWAS loci have a limited impact on blood pressure during the five first years of life. The parental genetic effects observed on blood pressure in children may suggest epigenetic mechanisms in the transmission of the risk of hypertension. Further replication is needed to confirm our results.</p></div

Summary of the significant results using mixed-effect regressions.

<p>Summary of the significant results using mixed-effect regressions.</p

Phenotypic characteristics of the studied population.

<p>Phenotypic characteristics of the studied population.</p

Phenotype characteristics at baseline of the participants involved in the present study.

<p>Phenotype characteristics at baseline of the participants involved in the present study.</p