Calculation of the zero-field splitting D and g(perp)parameters in EPR for d3 spin systems in strong and moderate axial fields

Numerical and analytical methods are used to investigate the calculation of the zero field splitting |2D| and g(perp) parameters in EPR for octahedrally surrounded d3 spin systems (S = 3/2) in strong and moderate axial crystal fields (|D|>=h{\nu}). Exact numerical computer calculations are compared with analytical results obtained from third-order perturbation theory. From the analyses we conclude that EPR measurements performed at a single frequency with the magnetic field H at a magic angle {\alpha}_M, where 62deg < {\alpha}_M < 63deg, with respect to the axial crystal field of the d3 spin system, yields an almost exact solution in third-order perturbation theory. For dual frequency experiments, i.e. X-K, X-Q and K-Q band experiments, performed with the magnetic field H at an angle of {\alpha} = 90deg with respect to the axial crystal field, the ratio h\u{psion}/|2D| has to be smaller than 0.25 in order to use third order perturbation calculations within an error limit of 0.020% in the g(perp) values. For values of h\u{psion}/|2D| >= 0.25 one has to proceed with exact numerical computer calculations. Finally, we conclude that measurements performed at a single EPR frequency experiment with the magnetic field H directed along two specific angles with respect to the axial crystal field of the octahedrally surrounded d3 centre, i.e. {\alpha} = 90deg and {\alpha} = 35deg16 respectively, third-order perturbation theory gives non-reliable results for the |D| and g(perp)-values.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

VLT + UVES Spectroscopy of the Low-Ionization Intrinsic Absorber in SDSS J001130.56+005550.7

We analyse high-resolution VLT+UVES spectra of the low-ionization intrinsic absorber observed in the BAL QSO SDSS J001130.56+005550.7. Two narrow absorption systems at velocities -600 km/s and -22000 km/s are detected. The low-velocity system is part of the broad absorption line (BAL), while the high-velocity one is well detached. While most narrow absorption components are only detected in the high-ionization species, the lowest velocity component is detected in both high- and low-ionization species, including in the excited SiII* and CII* lines. From the analysis of doublet lines, we find that the narrow absorption lines at the low-velocity end of the BAL trough are completely saturated but do not reach zero flux, their profiles being dominated by a velocity-dependent covering factor. The covering factor is significantly smaller for MgII than for SiIV and NV, which demonstrates the intrinsic nature of absorber. From the analysis of the excited SiII* and CII* lines in the lowest velocity component, we find an electron density ~ 1000 cm^{-3}. Assuming photoionization equilibrium, we derive a distance ~ 20 kpc between the low-ionization region and the quasar core. The correspondence in velocity of the high- and low-ionization features suggests that all these species must be closely associated, hence formed at the same distance of ~ 20 kpc, much higher than the distance usually assumed for BAL absorbers.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&

Online tracking: Questioning the power of informed consent

Online tracking technologies have raised considerable concerns regarding privacy and the protection of personal data of users. In order to help users to regain control over their personal data, Europe has amended its ePrivacy directive towards an opt-in regime. There are however many open questions concerning its implementation, especially regarding the issue of informed consent. This paper explores how the new legal situation impacts on behavioral advertising practices via the storing and reading of cookies in the Netherlands. The results show that the majority of the surveyed parties involved in behavioural advertising do not inform users about the storing of cookies or the purposes of data processing of the subsequently obtained data, neither do they have obtained users' consent for the storage of cookies. We also found that the majority of users lack the skills and knowledge how to handle cookies. These findings critically question the wisdom of the informed consent regime which lies currently at the heart of Europe's ePrivacy directive. --Online behavioural advertising,profiling,cookies,informed consent,Do Not Track,ePrivacy Directive

Long run real exchange rate determinants: evidence from eight new member states, 1993-2003

In this paper, we estimate bilateral equilibrium real exchange rates for a group of eight new eu member states against the euro, using new and sophisticated panel-cointegration techniques. We document a stable significant positive link between productivity levels and the corresponding real exchange rate levels and a stable significant and negative link between openness and the real exchange rate. We find real exchange rate misalignments to be small and weakly mean-reverting. In the context of entry into erm-ii and emu for most of these countries over time, the results stress the importance of allowing countries to adjust to inflation pressure and real exchange rate appreciation, either through nominal appreciation or temporarily higher domestic inflation. Journal of comparative economics35 (1) (2007) 87–107

Improving communication and practical skills in working with inpatients who self-harm: a pre-test/post-test study of the effects of a training programme

BACKGROUND: Differing perspectives of self-harm may result in a struggle between patients and treatment staff. As a consequence, both sides have difficulty communicating effectively about the underlying problems and feelings surrounding self-harm. Between 2009 and 2011, a programme was developed and implemented to train mental health care staff (nurses, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and occupational therapists) in how to communicate effectively with and care for patients who self-harm. An art exhibition focusing on self-harm supported the programme. Lay experts in self-harm, i.e. people who currently harm themselves, or who have harmed themselves in the past and have the skills to disseminate their knowledge and experience, played an important role throughout the programme. METHODS: Paired sample t-tests were conducted to measure the effects of the training programme using the Attitude Towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire, the Self-Perceived Efficacy in Dealing with Self-Harm Questionnaire, and the Patient Contact Questionnaire. Effect sizes were calculated using r. Participants evaluated the training programme with the help of a survey. The questionnaires used in the survey were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: Of the 281 persons who followed the training programme, 178 completed the questionnaires. The results show a significant increase in the total scores of the three questionnaires, with large to moderate effect sizes. Respondents were positive about the training, especially about the role of the lay expert. CONCLUSION: A specialised training programme in how to care for patients who self-harm can result in a more positive attitude towards self-harm patients, an improved self-efficacy in caring for patients who self-harm, and a greater closeness with the patients. The deployment of lay experts is essential here