10 research outputs found
Strength of singularities in varying constants theories
In this paper we consider a specific type of the bimetric theory of
gravitation with the two different metrics introduced in the cosmological
frame. Both metrics respect all the symmetries of the standard FLRW solution
and contain conformally related spatial parts. One of the metric is assumed to
describe the causal structure for the matter. Another metric defines the causal
structure for the gravitational interactions. A crucial point is that the
spatial part of the metric describing gravity is given by the spatial part of
the matter metric confromally rescaled by a time-dependent factor
which, as it turns out, can be linked to the effective gravitational constant
and the effective speed of light. In the context of such a bimetric framework
we examine the strength of some singular cosmological scenarios in the sense of
the criteria introduced by Tipler and Kr\'olak. In particular, we show that for
the nonsingular scale factor associated with the matter metric, both the
vanishing or blowing up of the factor for some particular moment of
the cosmic expansion may lead to a strong singularity with infinite value of
the energy density and infinite value of the pressure.Comment: 5 page
Emergence of multiverse in third quantized varying constants cosmologies
Although the standard cosmological model explains most of the observed
phenomena it still struggles with the problem of initial singularity. An
interesting scenario in which the problem of the initial singularity is somehow
circumvented was proposed in the context of string theory where the canonical
quantisation procedure was additionally applied. A similar effect can be
achieved in the context of the canonically quantized theory with varying speed
of light and varying gravitational constant where both quantities are
represented by non-minimally coupled scalar fields. Such theory contains both
the pre-big-bang contracting phase and the post-big-bang expanding phase and
predicts non-vanishing probability of the transition from the former to the
latter phase. In this paper we quantize such a theory once again by applying
the third quantization scheme and show that the resulting theory contains
scenario in which the whole multiverse is created from nothing. The generated
family of the universes is described by the Bose-Einstein distribution.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Doubleverse entanglement in third quantized non-minimally coupled varying constants cosmologies
In this paper we consider a third quantized cosmological model with varying
speed of light and varying gravitational constant both represented by
non-minimally coupled scalar fields. The third quantization of such a model
leads to a scenario of the doubleverse with the two components being quantum
mechanically entangled. We calculate the two parameters describing the
entanglement, namely: the energy and the entropy of entanglement where the
latter appears to be a proper measure of the entanglement. We consider a
possibility that the entanglement can manifests itself as an effective perfect
fluid characterized by the time dependent barotropic index , which for
some specific case corresponds to the fluid of cosmic strings. It seems that
such an entanglement induced effective perfect fluid may generate significant
backreaction effect at early times.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Regularizing cosmological singularities by varying physical constants
Varying physical constant cosmologies were claimed to solve standard
cosmological problems such as the horizon, the flatness and the
-problem. In this paper, we suggest yet another possible application
of these theories: solving the singularity problem. By specifying some examples
we show that various cosmological singularities may be regularized provided the
physical constants evolve in time in an appropriate way.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Revtex4-1, an improved version to appear in JCA
Doubleverse entanglement in third quantized non-minimally coupled varying constants cosmologies
Four direct measurements of the fine-structure constant 13 billion years ago.
Observations of the redshift z = 7.085 quasar J1120+0641 are used to search for variations of the fine structure constant, a, over the redshift range 5:5 to 7:1. Observations at z = 7:1 probe the physics of the universe at only 0.8 billion years old. These are the most distant direct measurements of a to date and the first measurements using a near-IR spectrograph. A new AI analysis method is employed. Four measurements from the x-shooter spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) constrain changes in a relative to the terrestrial value (α0). The weighted mean electromagnetic force in this location in the universe deviates from the terrestrial value by Δα/α = (α
z
- α0)/α0 = (-2:18 ± 7:27) × 10-5, consistent with no temporal change. Combining these measurements with existing data, we find a spatial variation is preferred over a no-variation model at the 3:9σ level.Results are based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile, programs 286.A-5025(A), 089.A-0814(A), and 093.A-0707(A). We are grateful for the award of computing time for this research on the gStar and OzStar supercomputing facilities. MRW acknowledges support from an Australian Postgraduate Award. JKW thanks the John Templeton Foundation, the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge University for hospitality and support, and Clare Hall for a Visiting Fellowship. The work of ACL and CJM was financed by FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness
and Internationalisation (POCI), and by Portuguese funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the framework of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987. ACL is supported by an FCT fellowship (SFRH/BD/113746/2015), under the FCT Doctoral Program PhD::SPACE (PD/00040/2012). We thank Julian King for useful discussions. JDB
thanks the STFC for support. SB acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 669253).