15 research outputs found
Entrepreneurship as a potential driving force for the further development of rural areas
Entrepreneurial human capital and entrepreneurship are crucial elements for the further develop
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ment of rural areas. In order to understand the role of rural enterprises it is essential to learn the characte
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ristics of successful companies in local economies. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate through the
introduction of the activity, everyday practice and production procedure how non-agricultural and non-tourism
enterprises can foster the development of rural and peripheral areas in the Visegrad countries. Nine local enter
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prises of different size, profile and development pathway were examined in order to highlight main experiences
and lessons being vital for and adaptable in other disadvantaged areas. The results and company descriptions
provided in the article are based on in-depth interviews, online data collection and statistical analys
Reaction of Lewisite-1 with Alcohols, Diols, and Thiols in Water—A Simple Method of Derivatization of Thiodiglycol
IFN-gamma Inhibits Internalization of Soluble Aminated beta-1, 3-D-Glucan by Macrophages and Thereby Down-Regulates the Glucan Induced Release of TNF-alpha: and IL-1beta
Intestinal absorption of immunomodulatory laminaran and derivatives in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Die Reaktion von Nitroxiden mit Ethylmercaptan: Eine milde Methode f�r die Umsetzung von Nitroxiden zu den entsprechenden Aminen
The Influence of Experimentally Reduced Vaginal Flora in Oestrus Females on the Mating Behaviour of Male Domestic Dogs (Canis familiaris)
Neutral Red Assay Modification to PreventCytotoxicity and Improve Repeatability Using E-63 Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells
Cellular uptake of neutral red dye (NR) is currently used as an indirect measure of viable cells in cultures. We used E-63 rat skeletal muscle cells to identify causes of NR assay variability and to develop modifications that substantially reduce it. Three methods of NR preparation and/or addition to cells were used. When NR medium was prepared, incubated overnight, and filtered to remove precipitates, the amount of dye precipitated varied greatly. Coefficients of variation (CVs) in NR uptake were greater than 25% between assays. Higher NR concentrations, longer incubation times, increased pH, and decreased temperature promoted NR precipitation in media. NR media prepared and filtered just prior to use or direct addition of prefiltered NR stock solution to cell cultures resulted in much smaller CVs between assays. NR was cytotoxic to E-63 rat muscle and primary quail myoblasts in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. NR exposure to E-63 cells for greater than 1.25 and 2 hr at 157 or 127 μg/ml, respectively, was associated with swelling and rupture of lysosomes. By contrast, there was no evidence of cytotoxicity when E-63 cells were exposed to NR for 1 hr at either 127 or 157 μg/ml. Primary quail myoblasts developed lysosomal swelling and ruptured more rapidly than E-63 cells when exposed to NR at either 127 or 157 μg/ml. For confluent 10-day cultures of E-63 cells exposed to NR at 127 μg/ml for 1 hr, the CVs within assay and between assays were 3.3-3.9% and 5.1%, respectively. For similarly exposed, actively replicating 3-day cultures of E-63 cells, the CVs within and between assays were 6.2-9.6% and 2.4%, respectively. NR uptake by the E-63 cells was linear with respect to viable cell number