Classification of Theories about Rock Pressure

The first classificationsw of physical properties of rocks and hypotheses of rock pressure in the world practice are analysed. The analysis of internationally widely known theories about rock pressure and physical processes around mine workings is executed. Classification of theories about rock pressure on classification feature “condition of investigated massif” is constructed. The energy theory that describing capsulation by the massif of underground mine working is offered

Classification of Theories about Rock Pressure

The first classificationsw of physical properties of rocks and hypotheses of rock pressure in the world practice are analysed. The analysis of internationally widely known theories about rock pressure and physical processes around mine workings is executed. Classification of theories about rock pressure on classification feature “condition of investigated massif” is constructed. The energy theory that describing capsulation by the massif of underground mine working is offered

New theory of rock massif fragmentation by using explosion energy

Purpose. Ore mining involves the destruction of large volumes of hard rocks, which requires preliminary fragmentation by using drilling-and-blasting operations. Therefore, special attention is paid to the improvement and development of new methods for calculating the parameters of drilling-and-blasting operations that will improve the indices of drivage and stoping operations [1, 2]. The application of emulsion explosives, which are absolutely safe for transportation and storage, environmentally friendly as well as cost-effective [3-7] is another way of improvement of blasting technology. Therefore, at present moment, one of the main problems of mining production is increasing the efficiency of the rock massif fragmentation by using explosion energy. Methodology. The creation of a new theory of rock breaking by an explosion around the charging cavity has been performed with the application of well-known laws of the theory of elasticity and the basic provisions of the quasistatic-wave hypothesis of the mechanism of solid medium breaking under the action of an explosion

UTVRĐIVANJE UČINKOVITOSTI EKSPLOZIVA KOD IZVOĐENJA MINIRANJA

Experimental methods for determining a performance index of explosives are analysed: the methods of a ballistic pendulum, ballistic mortar, a lead block, and according to the volume of soil explosion funnel. It is defined that the determination of a performance index of emulsion explosives (EE) involves a set of significant features connected with a large critical diameter requiring the experiments with large-mass charges and resulting in refusal from the traditional methods of determining a performance index. Analytical methods for calculating an index of relative performance of explosives are analysed. Determination of the performance indices of explosives with the help of analytical methods helps identify considerable differences in the calculation results; in case of emulsion explosives the results are erroneously low at all. It is since analytical methods do not consider the brisant action of emulsion explosives. This paper represents the developed methodology of determining a performance index of explosives according to the degree of detonation velocity. The proposed methodology considers the key energy and detonation characteristics of explosives: heat and volume of the explosion products, density (thickness), and detonation velocity. The use of analytical methodology for calculating a performance index for all explosive types makes it possible to get correct results that are necessary for designing the parameters of drilling and blasting operations.U radu su analizirane eksperimentalne metode kojima se određuje indeks učinkovitosti eksploziva: metoda balističkoga klatna, metoda balističkoga mužara, Trauzlova proba i metoda određivanja volumena kratera od miniranja u tlu. Utvrđeno je kako određivanje indeksa učinkovitosti emulzijskih eksploziva (EE) uključuje skupinu važnih značajki povezanih s velikim kritičnim promjerom, a to zahtijeva ispitivanja s nabojima velike mase i odustajanje od tradicionalnih metoda određivanja indeksa učinkovitosti. Također, analizirane su analitičke metode za izračunavanje indeksa relativnoga učinka eksploziva. Određivanje indeksa učinkovitosti eksploziva uz pomoć analitičkih metoda pomaže identificirati znatne razlike u rezultatima, a rezultati su u slučaju emulzijskih eksploziva općenito preniski. Do toga dolazi zato što analitičke metode ne uzimaju u obzir brizantno djelovanje emulzijskih eksploziva. U radu je prikazana razvijena metodologija određivanja indeksa učinkovitosti eksploziva prema stupnju brzine detonacije. Predložena metodologija razmatra ključne parametre energije i detonacijskih svojstava eksploziva: toplinu i volumen produkata eksplozije, gustoću (promjer) i brzinu detonacije. Korištenje analitičke metodologije izračuna indeksa učinkovitosti kod svih vrsta eksploziva omogućuje dobivanje točnih rezultata potrebnih za određivanje parametara bušenja i miniranja

GEO-ENERGETICS OF UKRAINIAN SHIELD

The analysis and systematization of geodynamic conditions of underground mining of ore deposits in Ukraine is executed. The issue of description of natural condition of rocks in world practice is enclosed

GEO-ENERGETICS OF UKRAINIAN SHIELD

The analysis and systematization of geodynamic conditions of underground mining of ore deposits in Ukraine is executed. The issue of description of natural condition of rocks in world practice is enclosed

Self-regulating roof-bolting with the rock pressure energy use

The perspective of discovery of zonal disintegration phenomenon of rocks around underground mine workings is analyzed. The methodological stages for research of this phenomenon are shown. The physics of zonal disintegration of rocks around underground mine workings is disclosed. There are described the possibilities of advanced entropy method and developed energy method that allow to investigate a phenomenon of zonal capsulation of underground mine workings. The sequence of research of this phenomenon parameters is presented. The order of choice of stable shape and resource-saving support in underground mine workings is substantiated, for the deep horizons of the Kryvorizkyi Iron-Ore Basin mines. The method of parameters calculation of self- regulating roof-bolting in underground mine workings is substantiated, which allows to use the rock pressure energy. The design of a self- regulating roof-bolting is developed, which allows applying metal, polymer and rope bolts. The economic efficiency of rock pressure energy usage is substantiated in case of support setting at great depths in underground mine workings

Technology for increasing the level of environmental safety of iron ore mines with use of emulsion explosives

Laboratory and industrial studies have established the total impact of environmentally hazardous substances, taking into account the distance from the source of emissions and the specific consumption of explosives. With the help of physicochemical analysis and biological testing, the dependence of the change in the conditional indicator of damage to bioindicators with an increase in the distance from the source of emission and the specific annual consumption of explosives was revealed. A methodology for calculating the environmental assessment of the state of atmospheric air around the mine ventilation shaft has been developed. The exponential dependence of the influence of surface concentrations of environmentally hazardous substances on the damage of bioindicators at the cellular and organismic levels has been established, which makes it possible to assess the state of atmospheric air at industrial sites of iron ore mines. The proposed technology of sand drilling, which involves the use of emulsion explosives in mining ore deposits in chamber development systems will reduce emissions of environmentally hazardous substances into the atmosphere and increase the level of environmental safety of iron ore mines

PARAMETERS OF DRILLING-AND-BLASTING OPERATIONS FOR THE USE EMULSION EXPLOSIVES

The analysis of experience of emulsion explosives application for the last 10 years has allowed to establish a tendency for increasing in their usage on underground mining operations. Safety of operations conducting, smaller volumes of products of explosion and high power rates of emulsion explosives lead to decrease in influence on a condition of miner and atmospheric air. However, lack of the approved and widely applied method of calculation of drilling-and-blasting operations parameters which consider power characteristics of emulsion explosives constrain their implementation

Technology of underground mining of ore deposits

Зміст видання відповідає освітньо-професійній програмі підготовки бакалаврів спеціальності 184 Гірництво, зокрема програмі навчальної дисципліни «Технологія підземної розробки рудних родовищ». Подано основні положення підземної розробки рудних родовищ, розглянуто виробничі процеси, технології проведення підготовчих і нарізних виробок, системи розробки, підготовки та розкриття балансових запасів. Спираючись на науково-обґрунтовані системи розробки, підготовки та розкриття рудних родовищ, майбутні фахівці володітимуть світовим досвідом добору комплексів гірничих машин і робочих процесів, логікою поєднання технічних та технологічних рішень і об’ємним конструкторським проектуванням. Рекомендовано для студентів, науково-педагогічних та науково-технічних працівників закладів вищої освіти, науково-дослідних інститутів і проектних організацій, а також для інженерно-технічних працівників гірничорудних підприємств