A CONCISE SYNTHESIS OF SOLAMIN AND CIS-SOLAMIN, MONO-THF ACETOGENINS FROM ANNONA MURICATA

A concise total synthesis of solamin (1) and cis-solamin (2) was performed using an epoxy alcohol (11) as a versatile chiral building block for synthesizing the stereoisomers of the mono-THF annonaceous acetogenins.ArticleHETEROCYCLES. 78(9):2369-2376 (2009)journal articl

Kitamura Electrophilic Fluorination Using HF as a Source of Fluorine

This review article focused on the innovative procedure for electrophilic fluorination using HF and in situ generation of the required electrophilic species derived from hypervalent iodine compounds. The areas of synthetic application of this approach include fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, aryl-alkyl ketones, styrene derivatives, α,β-unsaturated ketones and alcohols, homoallyl amine and homoallyl alcohol derivatives, 3-butenoic acids and alkynes.This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21761132021), and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science

Ghrelin Receptor in Two Species of Anuran Amphibian, Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and Japanese Tree Frog (Hyla japonica)

We have identified cDNA encoding a functional growth hormone secretagogue-receptor 1a (GHS-R1a, ghrelin receptor) in two species of anuran amphibian, the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and the Japanese tree frog (Hyla japonica). Deduced receptor protein for bullfrog and Japanese tree frog (tree frog) was comprised of 374- and 371-amino acids, respectively. The two receptors shared 86% identity, and are grouped to the clade of the tetrapod homologs by phylogenetic analysis. In functional analyses, ghrelin and GHS-R1a agonists increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in GHS-R1a-transfected-HEK293 cell, but ligand selectivity of ghrelin with Ser3 and Thr3 was not observed between the two receptors. Bullfrog GHS-R1a mRNA was mainly expressed in the brain, stomach, and testis. In the brain, the gene expression was detected in the diencephalon and mesencephalon, but not in the pituitary. Tree frog GHS-R1a mRNA was predominantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and ovary, but not detected in the pituitary. In bullfrog stomach but not the brain, GHS-R1a mRNA expression increased after 10 days of fasting. For tree frog, GHS-R1a mRNA expression was increased in the brain, stomach and ventral skin by 10 days of fasting, and in the stomach and ventral skin by a dehydration treatment. Intracerebroventricular injection of ghrelin in dehydrated tree frog did not affect water absorption from the ventral skin. These results suggest that ghrelin is involved in energy homeostasis and possibly in osmoregulation in frogs

Total synthesis of (+)-azimine via diastereoselective aminopalladation

The aminopalladation of amino allylic alcohol using Cl2Pd(MeCN)(2) in CH2Cl2 gave the 2,6-disubstituted piperidine with excellent diastereoselectivity. This compound was successfully converted into (+)-azimine (1) using cross-metathesis and Shiina macrolactonization.ArticleTETRAHEDRON. 69(39):8349-8352 (2013)journal articl