Saberes na graduação em administração : um estudo nas universidades federais do estado de Minas Gerais

Conforme censo da educação superior no Brasil de 2015, o curso de administração é um dos mais procurados no país. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar como surgem e são legitimados os saberes na graduação em administração das universidades federais mineiras. Na tentativa de responder a este objetivo, foi realizada uma caracterização do curso, investigados os saberes veiculados na matriz curricular e analisada a produção de verdades na graduação. A abordagem metodológica escolhida para este estudo foi a da pesquisa qualitativa por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A produção dos dados foi feita mediante a análise de um conjunto de 13 (treze) projetos pedagógicos. Como resultados foram identificados os objetivos do pensamento crítico e reflexivo, do campo de atuação e da qualificação técnica, os perfis responsável e generalista e os métodos da transmissão, da prática e da construção do saber. Em relação aos saberes veiculados na matriz curricular, foram investigados os saberes de formação básica, nas funções organizacionais, das especificidades regionais e organizacionais, formação social, ambiental e ética e em pesquisa. Assim, com a análise das características do curso com os saberes veiculados nas matrizes curriculares foi possível analisar a produção de verdades na graduação. Os objetivos do campo de atuação, da qualificação técnica e o perfil generalista são as características que se relacionam com os saberes mais presentes na graduação, de modo que os objetivos econômicos ainda estão ocupando uma posição hegemônica na formação dos bacharéis em administração entre as universidades pesquisadas.According to a census of higher education in Brazil in 2015, the administration course is one of the most sought after in the country. This research had as objective to investigate how the knowledge and the knowledge in the administration graduation of the federal universities of Minas Gerais arise and are legitimized. In an attempt to respond to this objective, a course characterization was carried out, the knowledge conveyed in the curricular matrix was investigated and the production of truths at the undergraduate level was analyzed. The methodological approach chosen for this study was that of the qualitative research through the technique of content analysis. The data were produced through the analysis of a set of 13 (thirteen) pedagogical projects. As results, the objectives of critical and reflexive thinking, the field of performance and technical qualification, the responsible and generalist profiles and the methods of transmission, practice and knowledge construction were identified. In relation to the knowledge conveyed in the curricular matrix, the basic training knowledge in organizational functions, regional and organizational specificities, social, environmental and ethical training and research were investigated. Thus, with the analysis of the characteristics of the course with the knowledge conveyed in the curricular matrices, it was possible to analyze the production of truths in the undergraduate course. The objectives of the field of activity, the technical qualification and the generalist profile are the characteristics that are related to the most present knowledge in the undergraduate, so that the economic objectives are still occupying a hegemonic position in the formation of the bachelors in administration among the researched universities

Comparisons of methamphetamine psychotic and schizophrenic symptoms: A differential item functioning analysis

The concept of negative symptoms in methamphetamine (MA) psychosis (e.g., poverty of speech, flatten affect, and loss of drive) is still uncertain. This study aimed to use differential item functioning (DIF) statistical techniques to differentiate the severity of psychotic symptoms between MA psychotic and schizophrenic patients. Data of MA psychotic and schizophrenic patients were those of the participants in the WHO Multi-Site Project on Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis (or WHO-MAIP study) and the Risperidone Long-Acting Injection in Thai Schizophrenic Patients (or RLAI-Thai study), respectively. To confirm the unidimensionality of psychotic syndromes, we applied the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) on the eight items of Manchester scale. We conducted the DIF analysis of psychotic symptoms observed in both groups by using nonparametric kernel-smoothing techniques of item response theory. A DIF composite index of 0.30 or greater indicated the difference of symptom severity. The analyses included the data of 168 MA psychotic participants and the baseline data of 169 schizophrenic patients. For both data sets, the EFA and CFA suggested a three-factor model of the psychotic symptoms, including negative syndrome (poverty of speech, psychomotor retardation and flatten/incongruous affect), positive syndrome (delusions, hallucinations and incoherent speech) and anxiety/depression syndrome (anxiety and depression). The DIF composite indexes comparing the severity differences of all eight psychotic symptoms were lower than 0.3. The results suggest that, at the same level of syndrome severity (i.e., negative, positive, and anxiety/depression syndromes), the severity of psychotic symptoms, including the negative ones, observed in MA psychotic and schizophrenic patients are almost the same.Manit Srisurapanont, Suwanna Arunpongpaisal, Kiyoshi Wada, John Marsden, Robert Ali, Ronnachai Kongsako

Time to relapse and remission of bipolar disorder: findings from a 1-year prospective study in Thailand

Thawatchai Leelahanaj,1 Ronnachai Kongsakon,2 Somrak Choovanichvong,3 Sookjaroen Tangwongchai,4 Suchat Paholpak,5 Thoranin Kongsuk,6 Manit Srisurapanont7 For the Thai Bipolar Registry Study Group 1Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Department of Psychiatry, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3Srithanya Hospital, Nonthaburi, Thailand; 4Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 5Department of Psychiatry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 6Prasrimahabhodi Psychiatric Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; 7Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Background and methods: This study aimed to determine time to relapse and remission of mood episodes in Thai patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The Thai Bipolar Disorder Registry was a multicenter, prospective, naturalistic, observational study conducted in Thailand. Participants were adult inpatients or outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders bipolar disorder. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder, current psychiatric comorbidity, mood relapse, and mood remission were determined by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Relapse and remission were assessed every 2 months. Results: Of 424 BD participants, 404 (95.3%) were BD I, and 258 (60.8%) were female. At entry, 260 (61.3%) had recovered, and 49 (11.6%) were recovering. During 1-year follow-up (381.7 person-years), 92 participants (21.7%) had 119 relapses or 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.25–0.35) episodes per person-year. Among 119 relapses, 58 (48.7%), 39 (32.7%), and 21 (17.6%) of them were depressive, hypomanic, and manic episodes, respectively. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, we found that 25% of the participants relapsed in 361 days. Of the 400 participants who reached remission, 113 (28.2%) had mood relapses. Of 173 mood events accountable for remission analysis, the median time to remission was 67.5 days (72.5 days for depressive episodes versus 58.0 days for manic episodes, log rank P = 0.014). Conclusions: The 1-year relapse rate in Thai patients with BD was 21.7% or 0.31 episodes per person-year. About one-fifth of recovered patients had mood relapses within 371 days. On average, a mood episode would remit in 67.5 days. Keywords: bipolar disorder, course, outcome, relapse, remission, Tha

Hospitalization and cost after switching from atypical to typical antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in Thailand

Tuanthon Boonlue,1,2 Suphat Subongkot,1,2 Piyameth Dilokthornsakul,3,4 Ronnachai Kongsakon,5 Oraluck Pattanaprateep,6 Orabhorn Suanchang,7 Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk3,8–10 1Clinical Pharmacy Division, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 2The College of Pharmacotherapy of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand; 3Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand; 4Center for Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA; 5Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 6Department of Health Informatics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 7Department of Pharmacy, Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry, Bangkok, Thailand; 8School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; 9School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; 10School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Background: Several clinical practice guidelines suggest using atypical over typical antipsychotics in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, cost-containment policy urged restricting usage of atypical antipsychotics and switching from atypical to typical antipsychotics. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate clinical and economic impacts of switching from atypical to typical antipsychotics in schizophrenia patients in Thailand. Methods: From October 2010 through September 2013, a retrospective cohort study was performed utilizing electronic database of two tertiary hospitals. Schizophrenia patients aged 18 years or older and being treated with atypical antipsychotics were included. Patients were classified as atypical antipsychotic switching group if they switched to typical antipsychotics after 180 days of continual atypical antipsychotics therapy. Outcomes were schizophrenia-related hospitalization and total health care cost. Logistic and Poisson regression were used to evaluate the risk of hospitalization, and generalized linear model with gamma distribution was used to determine the health care cost. All analyses were adjusted by employing propensity score and multivariable analyses. All cost estimates were adjusted according to 2013 consumer price index and converted to US$at an exchange rate of 32.85 Thai bahts/US$. Results: A total of 2,354 patients were included. Of them, 166 (7.1%) patients switched to typical antipsychotics. The adjusted odds ratio for schizophrenia-related hospitalization in atypical antipsychotic switching group was 1.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–2.83). The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 2.44 (95% CI 1.57–3.79) for schizophrenia-related hospitalizations. The average total health care cost was lower in patients with antipsychotic switching (–$64; 95$459 to $332). Conclusion: Switching from atypical to typical antipsychotics is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia-related hospitalization. Nonetheless, association with average total health care cost was not observed. These findings can be of use as a part of evidence in executing prospective cost-containment policy. Keywords: antipsychotic switching, schizophrenia, hospitalization, cost, atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotic

Evaluation of sleep profile in schizophrenia patients treated with extended-release paliperidone: an open-label prospective study in Southeast Asia

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