Time-dependent dopamine cell loss induced by 6-OHDA.

<p>(A) Representative images of TH-immunoreactive neurons in the SNpc. (B) Stereological quantification revealed a significant and progressive loss of dopaminergic cell numbers at 1, 2, and 3 weeks following unilateral injection of 6-OHDA or ascorbic acid (sham). All values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001 (compared to sham controls), ##<i>p</i><0.01, ###<i>p</i><0.001. N = 3 per group. Scale bar represents 200 μm.</p

Activin A does not protect striatal DA terminals against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity.

<p>(A) Representative images of DAT-immunoreactive fibres in the striatum. Arrows represent areas of loss of DAT-positive fibres. (B) Optical density analysis demonstrates that activin A does not protect against the 6-OHDA-induced reduction in DAT-positive fibres in the striatum. Sham = ascorbic acid, CTX = cortex, STR = striatum. All values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). ***<i>p</i><0.001. N = 5 per group. Scale bar represents 200 μm.</p

Activin A does not restore striatal catecholamine in 6-OHDA lesioned animals.

<p>HPLC-ECD quantification of striatal tissue revealed no significant effect of activin A on (A) DA, (B) DOPAC or (C) HVA levels following 6-OHDA compared to vehicle controls or the catabolism of DA to HVA (D). Sham = ascorbic acid. All values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001. Sham + vehicle n = 7, sham + activin A n = 7, 6-OHDA + vehicle n = 9, 6-OHDA + activin A n = 8.</p

Time-dependent nigral cell loss induced by 6-OHDA.

<p>(A) Representative images of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in the SNpc. (B) Stereological quantification revealed a significant and progressive loss of total cell numbers at 1, 2, and 3 weeks following unilateral injection of 6-OHDA or ascorbic acid (sham). All values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) *<i>p</i><0.05 **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001 (compared to sham controls), #<i>p</i><0.05, ###<i>p</i><0.001. N = 3 per group. Scale bar represents 200 μm.</p

Activin A protects against 6-OHDA induced cell loss.

<p>(A) Experimental timeline detailing pump implantation, unilateral injection of 6-OHDA or ascorbic acid (sham), and tissue collection. (B) Stereological quantification of TH-immunoreactive neurons in SNpc demonstrates activin A protects dopaminergic neurons against 6-OHDA toxicity. (C) Stereological quantification of NeuN-immunoreactive neurons in SNpc demonstrates activin A protects total neuron numbers against 6-OHDA induced toxicity. All values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01, ***<i>p</i><0.001. Sham + vehicle n = 4, sham + activin A n = 6, 6-OHDA + vehicle n = 7, 6-OHDA + activin A n = 7.</p

The levels of THC-A, THC and THC_tot measured in n = 206 Cannabis Cautioning seizures from NSW.

<p>Levels of cannabinoids are expressed as % of total weight of sample (w/w%). THC_tot levels are obtained from adding the amount of free THC seen in the cannabis to the amount found in the non-psychoactive from of THC-A while adjusting for the differing molecular weight of the cannabinoid and carboxylic conjugative components of each cannabinoid (THC_tot = THC+THC-A*(314.46/358.47)).</p

The levels of CBD_tot, CBG_tot, THC-V, CBN and CBC measured in n = 206 Cannabis Cautioning seizures from NSW.

<p>Levels of cannabinoids are expressed as % of total weight of sample (w/w%). Note the differing scales relative to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0070052#pone-0070052-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>. Note that the CBG_tot levels of two samples are not shown on the graph as they are out of scale (values = 15.83% and 13.77%).</p

Profile of cannabinoid content (w/w%) in Indoor and Outdoor Grown “Known Provenance” cannabis samples seized during the NSW cannabis eradication program, February-May 2012.

<p>Profile of cannabinoid content (w/w%) in Indoor and Outdoor Grown “Known Provenance” cannabis samples seized during the NSW cannabis eradication program, February-May 2012.</p

Chromatograms of analysed cannabinoids.

<p>A) Chromatogram of calibration standard mixture of all analysed cannabinoids at 100 µg/ml. B) Representative chromatogram of a typical “Cannabis Cautioning” seized sample.</p

The levels of THC_tot, CBD_tot and CBG_tot, in n = 13 outdoor grown (NSW North Coast) and n = 13 indoor grown (Sydney) “Known Provenance” samples.

<p>Levels of cannabinoids are expressed as mean % of total weight of sample (w/w%), with ± SEM bars shown.</p