Induced Growth of Asymmetric Nanocantilever Arrays on Polar Surfaces

©2003 The American Physical Society. The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.185502DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.185502We report that the Zn-terminated ZnO (0001) polar surface is chemically active and the oxygenterminated (0001) polar surface is inert in the growth of nanocantilever arrays. Longer and wider "comblike" nanocantilever arrays are grown from the (0001)-Zn surface, which is suggested to be a self-catalyzed process due to the enrichment of Zn at the growth front. The chemically inactive (0001)-O surface typically does not initiate any growth, but controlling experimental conditions could lead to the growth of shorter and narrower nanocantilevers from the intersections between (0001)-O with (0110) surfaces

Suppressing the Folding of Flowing Viscous Jets Using an Electric Field

In this work, we study the folding and unfolding of flowing viscous jets by imposing an electric field. We demonstrate that a folded viscous jet can be induced to unfold through jet widening in a sufficiently strong electric field. The folded jets unfold above a critical slenderness, which increases as the jet capillary number increases. Our systematic elucidation of the mechanisms behind the controlled folding has important implications on processes such as nozzle designs for industrial applications that rely on the manipulation of high-speed viscous jets, including liquid dispensing, printing, and food processing.published_or_final_versio

Identification and Analysis of Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Web Development Team Projects from the Students’ Perspective

The postgraduate subject “Web Technologies” is offered to engineering students who have different engineering backgrounds. The students have generally studied other computer programming and design methodologies in their engineering domain. The major learning objectives of this subject include being able to critically evaluate web technologies, apply web design methodologies to web based systems, and work efficiently with groups. To achieve these objectives, we have designed a web development process to apply to the major assessment task of developing a web system as a group. This research is to study the efficiency of this process with regard to student learning

Rapid mixing of viscous liquids by electrical coiling

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Open-closed field algebras

We introduce the notions of open-closed field algebra and open-closed field algebra over a vertex operator algebra V. In the case that V satisfies certain finiteness and reductivity conditions, we show that an open-closed field algebra over V canonically gives an algebra over a \C-extension of the Swiss-cheese partial operad. We also give a tensor categorical formulation and categorical constructions of open-closed field algebras over V.Comment: 55 pages, largely revised, an old subsection is deleted, a few references are adde

Adaptive fuzzy control for a marine vessel with time-varying constraints

An adaptive fuzzy neural network (FNN) control scheme is proposed for a marine vessel with time-varying constraints, guaranteed transient response and unknown dynamics. A series of continuous constraint functions are introduced to shape the motion of a marine vessel. To deal with the constraint problems and transient response problems, an asymmetric time-varying barrier Lyapunov function is designed to ensure that the system states are upper bounded by the considered constraint functions. FNNs are constructed to identify the unknown dynamics. Considering existing approximation errors when FNNs approximating the unknown dynamics, an adaptive term is designed to compensate the approximation errors in order to obtain accurate control. Via Lyapunov stability theory, it has been proved that all the states in the closed-loop system are uniformly bounded ultimately without violating the corresponding prescribed constraint region. Two comparative simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control