From Bitcoin to Solana -- Innovating Blockchain towards Enterprise Applications

This survey presents a comprehensive study of recent advances in block-chain technologies, focusing on how issues that affecting the enterprise adoption were progressively addressed from the original Bitcoin system to Ethereum, to Solana etc. Key issues preventing the wide adoption are scala-bility and performance, while recent advances in Solana has clearly demon-strated that it is possible to significantly improve on those issues by innovat-ing on data structure, processes and algorithms by consolidating various time-consuming algorithms and security enforcements, and differentiate and balance users and their responsibilities and rights, while maintaining the re-quired security and integrity that blockchain systems inherently offer

A Reversible Automatic Selection Normalization (RASN) Deep Network for Predicting in the Smart Agriculture System

Due to the nonlinear modeling capabilities, deep learning prediction networks have become widely used for smart agriculture. Because the sensing data has noise and complex nonlinearity, it is still an open topic to improve its performance. This paper proposes a Reversible Automatic Selection Normalization (RASN) network, integrating the normalization and renormalization layer to evaluate and select the normalization module of the prediction model. The prediction accuracy has been improved effectively by scaling and translating the input with learnable parameters. The application results of the prediction show that the model has good prediction ability and adaptability for the greenhouse in the Smart Agriculture System

3D Reconstruction of Pedestrian Trajectory with Moving Direction Learning and Optimal Gait Recognition

An inertial measurement unit-based pedestrian navigation system that relies on the intelligent learning algorithm is useful for various applications, especially under some severe conditions, such as the tracking of firefighters and miners. Due to the complexity of the indoor environment, signal occlusion problems could lead to the failure of certain positioning methods. In complex environments, such as those involving fire rescue and emergency rescue, the barometric altimeter fails because of the influence of air pressure and temperature. This paper used an optimal gait recognition algorithm to improve the accuracy of gait detection. Then a learning-based moving direction determination method was proposed. With the Kalman filter and a zero-velocity update algorithm, different gaits could be accurately recognized, such as going upstairs, downstairs, and walking flat. According to the recognition results, the position change in the vertical direction could be reasonably corrected. The obtained 3D trajectory involving both horizontal and vertical movements has shown that the accuracy is significantly improved in practical complex environments

A Reversible Automatic Selection Normalization (RASN) Deep Network for Predicting in the Smart Agriculture System

Due to the nonlinear modeling capabilities, deep learning prediction networks have become widely used for smart agriculture. Because the sensing data has noise and complex nonlinearity, it is still an open topic to improve its performance. This paper proposes a Reversible Automatic Selection Normalization (RASN) network, integrating the normalization and renormalization layer to evaluate and select the normalization module of the prediction model. The prediction accuracy has been improved effectively by scaling and translating the input with learnable parameters. The application results of the prediction show that the model has good prediction ability and adaptability for the greenhouse in the Smart Agriculture System

Multi-Channel Fusion Classification Method Based on Time-Series Data

Time-series data generally exists in many application fields, and the classification of time-series data is one of the important research directions in time-series data mining. In this paper, univariate time-series data are taken as the research object, deep learning and broad learning systems (BLSs) are the basic methods used to explore the classification of multi-modal time-series data features. Long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit, and bidirectional LSTM networks are used to learn and test the original time-series data, and a Gramian angular field and recurrence plot are used to encode time-series data to images, and a BLS is employed for image learning and testing. Finally, to obtain the final classification results, Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (D–S evidence theory) is considered to fuse the probability outputs of the two categories. Through the testing of public datasets, the method proposed in this paper obtains competitive results, compensating for the deficiencies of using only time-series data or images for different types of datasets

Deep Prediction Model Based on Dual Decomposition with Entropy and Frequency Statistics for Nonstationary Time Series

The prediction of time series is of great significance for rational planning and risk prevention. However, time series data in various natural and artificial systems are nonstationary and complex, which makes them difficult to predict. An improved deep prediction method is proposed herein based on the dual variational mode decomposition of a nonstationary time series. First, criteria were determined based on information entropy and frequency statistics to determine the quantity of components in the variational mode decomposition, including the number of subsequences and the conditions for dual decomposition. Second, a deep prediction model was built for the subsequences obtained after the dual decomposition. Third, a general framework was proposed to integrate the data decomposition and deep prediction models. The method was verified on practical time series data with some contrast methods. The results show that it performed better than single deep network and traditional decomposition methods. The proposed method can effectively extract the characteristics of a nonstationary time series and obtain reliable prediction results

Integrated Predictor Based on Decomposition Mechanism for PM2.5 Long-Term Prediction

It is crucial to predict PM2.5 concentration for early warning regarding and the control of air pollution. However, accurate PM2.5 prediction has been challenging, especially in long-term prediction. PM2.5 monitoring data comprise a complex time series that contains multiple components with different characteristics; therefore, it is difficult to obtain an accurate prediction by a single model. In this study, an integrated predictor is proposed, in which the original data are decomposed into three components, that is, trend, period, and residual components, and then different sub-predictors including autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and two gated recurrent units are used to separately predict the different components. Finally, all the predictions from the sub-predictors are combined in fusion node to obtain the final prediction for the original data. The results of predicting the PM2.5 time series for Beijing, China showed that the proposed predictor can effectively improve prediction accuracy for long-term prediction