Structure and phase composition of the superalloy on the basis of Ni-Al-Cr alloyed by Re and La

Qualitative and quantitative studies of the structure, phase composition, morphology of phase of the high-rhenium alloys additionally doped with La were carried out by TEM and SEM methods. The alloy was obtained by directional solidification method. It was shown that introduction of Re and La to an alloy leads to formation of new phases: [beta] and [chi] , which bring serious irregularities in the structure of quasicuboids of [gamma]'-phase

Textual Bond ‘krome togo’ [moreover]: Contextual Modifications

The service unit moreover is considered from the point of view of functioning in the text. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the inclusion of the research in the study of the linguistics of the text and linguistic units that serve as means of communication in the text, on the other hand, to the lack of special descriptions of text clips in research and lexicographic sources. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that an attempt was made to describe the general regularities of the functioning of the bond moreover in the text, characteristic contexts were identified. The description of this word in scientific literature and lexicography is analyzed. In the course of the analysis, it was revealed that the unit also functions as a text bond with the value of attachment. A total of 5 contextual modifications have been established. Three modifications are related to the degree of significance of the information in the attached comment. Two more modifications relate to the text-forming function, which is performed by the bond moreover. To identify the features of the functioning of the studied bond, examples of its use in various journalistic and literary texts were analyzed

Formation of deformation substructures in FCC crystals under the influence of point defect fluxes

The article deals with sub-structural transformations in FCC crystals under the influence of point defect fluxes. Different relationships between accumulation of point defects in crystal and substructure transformations, in particular during the process of fragmented dislocation structure formation have been received

Dislocation structure and deformation hardening alloy fcc single crystals at the mesolevel

The article presents the evaluation results of impacts of various strengthening mechanisms to flow stress. Such evaluations were made on the basis of the measured parameters of the dislocation substructure formed in monocrystals of [001]-Ni3Fe alloy deformed by compression within the stage II. It was found that the main impact to deformation resistance in the alloys with net substructure is made by the mechanism of dislocation impediment, which is caused by contact interaction between moving dislocations and forest dislocations

Dislocation structure and deformation hardening alloy fcc single crystals at the mesolevel

The article presents the evaluation results of impacts of various strengthening mechanisms to flow stress. Such evaluations were made on the basis of the measured parameters of the dislocation substructure formed in monocrystals of [001]-Ni3Fe alloy deformed by compression within the stage II. It was found that the main impact to deformation resistance in the alloys with net substructure is made by the mechanism of dislocation impediment, which is caused by contact interaction between moving dislocations and forest dislocations

Peculiarities of structure and phase composition of V-Ti-Cr alloy obtained by sintering technique

Abstract Alloy of the V-Ti-Cr system is a promising material exploited under high radiation and in corrosion environment. We sintered V-4.9Ti-4.8Cr alloy from particles with original average size of 30, 280 and 200 μm, respectively for vanadium, titanium and chromium powders, by pressing of the powder mixture and its further sintering. The studies were undertaken using the methods of X-ray structural analysis, scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. It was established that the structure of the alloy represented matrix grains (BCC solid solution), along the boundaries and at junctions of which the groups of oxycarbonitride particles of V, Ti, Cr (C,N,O) type of the variable elemental composition were arranged. The particles possessed a plate-like (0.4 x 2.0 μm) and rounded (0.5 μm) shape. The solid solution of the alloy was heterogeneous by concentration. This was evidenced by the complications of the diffraction patterns obtained from the corresponding sections of the structure. These were cords of main reflexes, satellites and emergence of a moire banded contrast in separate sections of the sample. Inside the matrix grains, there were nanoparticles (15 μm) of carbide V55Cr25C20, being a source of elastic internal local stresses

ASSESSMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY OF NEW CRITERIA FOR SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IN RUSSIAN PATIENT POPULATION

Systemic sclerosis (SS) is a progressive connective tissue disease, the prognosis of which largely depends on the time of adequate therapy initiation. Low sensitivity of the 1980 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SS classification criteria for identifying patients with early stage of the disease, and with its limited form in particular, has necessitated revision of existing SS diagnostic standards and elaboration of more sensitive criteria that allow to establish the diagnosis when the first sign of the disease appear.Objective: to compare the sensitivity of the novel SS criteria of ACR and European League against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2013 and the 1980 ACR criteria in different stages of the disease.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 302 patients who had been diagnosed by experts as having SS and followed up at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology in 2007–2013. The patients’ mean age was 49±13 years (18 to 80 years); male to female ratio – 1:9 (31 and 271), that of patients with diffuse and limited SS – 1:2 (105 and 197); mean duration of the disease from the first non-Raynaud’s syndrome was 8.2±7.0 years (6 months to 36 years). Physical examination, nailfold capillaroscopy, chest radiography or computed tomography, echocardiography for the determination of pulmonary artery systolic pressure and SS-specific antibodies evaluation were performed.Results. 273 (90%) patients fulfilled the novel ACR/EULAR 2013 SS criteria. 76 (25%) patients had skin thickening above the metacarpophalangeal (MPC) joints in both hands; 263 (87%) – finger skin thickening [70 (23%) – finger swelling, 192 (64%) – thickening of all fingers distal to the MPC joints], 141 (47%) – digital ischemia [79 (26%) – digital pitting scars, 20 (7%) – digital ulcers, 42 (14%) – digital pitting scars and ulcers], 134 (44%) – telangiectasias, 276 (91%) – capillaroscopic changes, 225 (78%) – pulmonary hypertension (PH) or interstitial lung disease (ILD) [15 (5%) – PH 185 (61%) – ILD, 35 (12%) – ILD and PH], 301 (99%) – Raynaud’s phenomenon, and 185 (61%) – SS autoantibodies [138 (46%) – anti-Scl-70 antibodies (a-Scl-70), 42 (14%) – anti-centromere antibodies (ACA), 5 (1.7%) – ACA and a-Scl-70]. 216 (72%) patients fulfilled 1980 ACR SS criteria, and all of them met the novel criteria. With the latter, SS could be additionally diagnosed in 57 more (18%) patients.Conclusion. The 2013 ACR/EULAR SS classification criteria have much higher sensitivity than the 1980 ACR criteria. The sensitivity of the novel criteria remained at the level of 90% in all, including the earliest, stages of the disease while the ACR criteria allowed to confirm diagnosis of SS in only half of patients with a disease duration of less than 1 year

Experience in Building Infectious Hospital for Treatment of Particularly Dangerous Infectious Diseases in the Republic of Guinea

Ebola treatment hospital was constructed within the frames of the West Africa support infinitive of the Russian Federation, in cooperation with the United Company “RUSAL”. Permanent building with bed capacity rated 60 and strict separation of clean area from hazard zone set this medical facility apart from tent camps, which are used by international organizations. For the first time ever, in West Africa, deployed was a strategy of waste decontamination using caustic. It is of note that due to biological safety procedure compliance, no case of nosocomial infection was registered during the whole time of operation. Commissioning of this hospital is an effective mechanism for Ebola virus disease control

Non-Equilibrium Evolution Thermodynamics Theory

Alternative approach for description of the non-equilibrium phenomena arising in solids at a severe external loading is analyzed. The approach is based on the new form of kinetic equations in terms of the internal and modified free energy. It is illustrated by a model example of a solid with vacancies, for which there is a complete statistical ground. The approach is applied to the description of important practical problem - the formation of fine-grained structure of metals during their treatment by methods of severe plastic deformation. In the framework of two-level two-mode effective internal energy potential model the strengthening curves unified for the whole of deformation range and containing the Hall-Petch and linear strengthening sections are calculated.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL THERAPY IN PATIENTSWITH SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the major causes of death in systemic scleroderma (SSD). Treatment of these patients remains difficult and controversial. Mycophenolate mofetil (MPM) has been in vitro shown to inhibit overproduction of type I collagen and hence may be effective against SSD. Objective: to study the efficiency and safety of MPM therapy in patients with SSD and clinically relevant ILD in an open-label prospective study. Subjects and methods. Ten patients with SSD (7 and 3 with its diffuse and limited forms, respectively) and ILD were given MPM in combination with glucocorticoids (mean daily dose was 10+4 mg). The mean MPM therapy duration was 11.4+1.3 months. The Rodnan total skin thickness score, flexion index, forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and European Scleroderma Study Group (EScSG) activity index were estimated and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was carried out before and after MPM therapy. Results. After therapy, the whole group showed a significant reduction in skin scores from 12.9+9.8 to 5.6+3.2 (p=0.036) and EScSG from 3.9+1.4 to 2.25+1.03 (p=0.015) and an increase in exercise tolerance from 446+155 to 535+78 m (p=0.03) as evidenced by 6MWT. The degree of flexion contractures decreased from 15+21 to 3.7+11.3 mm (p>0.05). FVC (77.8+18.7% versus 73.8+11.3%) and DLCO (45+14.4% versus 42+16.4%) were significantly unchanged. A 10% or more clinically significant fall was noted in FVC and DLCO in 3 and 1 patients, respectively. In the remaining patients, the lung functional test results remained stable. MPM tolerability was satisfactory. All the patients completed their course of treatment. Conclusion. Stabilization of lung function with higher exercise tolerance and significantly reduced skin density allow therapy with MPM in combination with low-dose glucocorticoids to be regarded as an effective and well-tolerated treatment in patients with ILD in the presence of SS