Growth of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in Tertiary Treatment Ponds

A series of experimental ponds, utilizing treated sewage effluent as a water source, have been constructed at the Ames Water Pollution Control Plant. Fathead minnow fry were introduced into the ponds in the summer of 1969 and observations were made on their growth rates, reproduction, and food habits during the summer months. Growth was comparable to that previously reported for hatchery ponds. The fish matured by mid-summer and successfully produced a second crop of fry. The use of tertiary ponds for fish production seems to be a useful approach to the conservation of natural resources