REAKCIJA KUKURUZA NA GNOJIDBU FOSFOROM NA HIDROMORFNOME TLU BOSANSKE POSAVINE

In a four year experiment the effect of ameliorative phosphorus (P) fertilization (0, 750, 1250 and 1750 P2O5 kg ha-1 in the form of triple superphosphate containing 45 % P2O5) on maize grain yields and maize nutrient status (the ear-leaf at silking) was examined. P fertilization resulted mainly in considerable yield increase being 17%(4-year means 2005-2008: 4.30 and 5.02 t ha-1, for control and ameliorative P-fertilized treatments, respectively). Yield increases were achieved mainly by application of the first step of P in level of 750 kg P2O5 ha-1, while differences among P treatments were significant only in the second year of testing. P application had significantly influence on P, Mg, Mn and Zn status in maize leaves (0.36 and 0.56% P, 0.61 and 0.77% Mg, 53.3 and 69.2 mg Mn kg-1, 68.0 and 41.1 mg Zn kg-1, for control and 1750 kg P2O5 kg ha-1, respectively), while differences in leaf K, Ca, S Fe and Cu were non-significant (means 1.05% K, 0.83% Ca, 0.23% S, 148 mg Fe kg-1 and 11.1 mg Cu kg-1). Protein, starch and oil contents in maize grain (2-year means: 8.83%, 72.04% and 3.78%, respectively) were independent on P fertilization.Istraživan je utjecaj melioracijske gnojidbe fosforom (0, 750, 1250 i 1750 P2O5 kg ha-1 u obliku trostrukoga superfosfata 45% P2O5) na prinose i stanje ishrane kukuruza (list ispod klipa u svilanju). Gnojidba fosforom povećala je prinose kukuruza u prosjeku za 17% (4-g prosjek 2005.-2008.: 4.30 i 5.02 t ha-1, na kontroli i na tretmanima gnojidbe fosforom). Povećanje prinosa uslijedilo je već primjenom 750 kg P2O5 ha-1, a statistički značajne razlike između pojedinih stepenica dodanoga P bile su evidentne samo u 2006. godini. Melioracijska gnojidba fosforom značajno je utjecala na koncentracije P, Mg, Mn i Zn u listu (0,36 i 0,56% P; 0,61 i 0,77% Mg; 53,3 i 69,2 mg Mn kg-1; 68,0 i 41,1 mg Zn kg-1 za kontrolu, odnosno 1750 kg P2O5 kg ha-1), dok su koncentracije K, Ca, S, Fe i Cu bile slične (prosjeci 1,05% K, 0,83% Ca, 0,23% S, 148 mg Fe kg-1 i 11.1 mg Cu kg-1). Sadržaj bjelančevina, škroba i ulja u zrnu (2-god. prosjeci: 8,83%, 72,04%, odnosno 3,78%) bili su neovisni o gnojidbi fosforom

Contents of Amino Acids in Grains of Different Bread Wheat Genotypes

This paper analyzes 10 different genotypes of the bread wheat by method of chromatography to identify the presence of free amino acids. The contents of the identified amino acids have been determined by spectrophotometric method. The results of the qualitative analysis showed the great deal of variability in the amino acid composition for each of the examined genotypes. Quantitative analysis of the free amino acids in the grains indicated their high content (over the 100 mg ml-1) in wheat genotypes San Pastore, Becker, Lihnida and Ana Morava, while their lowermost content was in the genotypes Uras (73 mg ml-1) and Jawa (75 mg ml-1). By using chromatography in the examined wheat grains have been determined that the most present amino acids were glutamic acid, glycine, sarcosine, valine, norvaline and tryptophan. The most present of all examined amino acids was glutamic acid, which was identified in nine examined wheat genotypes. The highest content of glumatic acid was found in wheat genotype Uras (6,52 mg ml-1). Among the essential amino acids has been found the highest content of norvalin (2,56 mg ml-1) and valin (2,32 mg ml-1). The wheat grains of the genotypes Becker, San Pastore and Ana Morava had the largest number of the determined essential amino acids (five), indicating their high nutritional value

Variation of spike index of cereal and index of pea pods in monocrops and intercrops system of cultivation

Parameters of plant productive organs (spike, pod etc.) are influenced by genotype of plant species and scientific technology farming measures as well environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to establish variability of spike harvest index for wheat, triticale, rye, oat and pea pods index, influenced by monocrops and intercrops system of cultivation. Four cereal species: wheat, triticale, rye and oat and one legume (pea) were included in investigation that carried out on field experimental conditions during one vegetation season. Each species were sown in monocrops and in intercrops wheat + pea, triticale + pea, rye + pea and oat + pea. Harvest index of spike variate between 65.2% (triticale intercrops) and 86.5% (oat solo). The values of spike weight and seed weight was different among the cereal species and higher in intercrops than in monocrop system of cultivation. However, only for rye in mixture with pea, harvest index 78.8%) was higher than in monocrops of rye (77.0%). Harvest index of pod variate in ratio 50.3% (pea solo) and 69.5% (in intercrops pea + rye). The values of pod weight and seed weight pod(-1) was different and higher in intercrops than in monocrops system of cultivation. Harvest pod index of peas was significantly higher in mixture with each small grains species genotypes than in pea's monocrops. On the base of result we can conclude that intercropping cereals + peas, have positive effect on spike and pod characteristics which values were higher in intercrops than in monocrops

Masa zrna u klasu genotipova tritikalea (x triticosecale Witt.) u agroekološkim uslovima Banja Luke

Masa zrna u klasu je limitirajuća komponenta prinosa koja predstavlja rezultantu oprašivanja i oplodnje kao i genotipsku interakciju agrotehnike i datih ekoloških uslova. U radu su analizirane prosječne mase zrna u klasu proučavanih deset genotipova ozimog heksaploidnog tritikalea: Trimaran, Ticino, Odisej, Agrano, BL-T-21, BL-T-17, BL-T-10, Max 1793, Bogo i Tornado. Ogled na ozimom tritikaleu je postavljen u toku 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08. u Trapistima, region Banja Luka. Za proizvodnju ozimog tritikalea je primjenjena standardna agrotehnika. U toku izvođenja ogleda klimatski uslovi u dvije eksperimentalne godine 2006. i 2008. su bili relativno slični, dok je u 2007. godini bio izražen period suše. Statistička analiza posmatranih genotipova tritikalea za ispitivano svojstvo izvršena je metodom analize varijanse 10 × 3. Značajnost razlika testirana je LSD testom. Analiza varijanse prosječne mase zrna u klasu ispitivanih genotipova tritikalea u ispitivanim godinama je pokazala značajnu razliku između ispitivanih genotipova tritikalea, kao i visoko značajnu razliku između ispitivanih godina. Najveća vrijednost prosječne mase zrna u klasu dobijena je kod genotipa Odisej (3,00 g) u 2008. godini, a najmanju prosječnu masu zrna u klasu imao je genotip BL-T-21 u 2007. godini (1,43 g). Testiranjem značajnosti razlika  prosječnih vrijednosti mase zrna u klasu ispitivanih genotipova tritikalea bez obzira na godinu izdvojio se genotip Odisej sa najvećom prosječnom masom zrna u klasu  (2,68 g), a genotipovi BL-T-10 (2,26 g), Bogo (2,24 g) i Agrano (2,23 g) imali su tendenciju formiranja visoke vrijednosti prosječne mase zrna u klasu. S obzirom na ispitivano svojstvo navedeni genotipovi tritikalea se mogu preporučiti za proizvodnju u agroekološkim uslovima Banja Luke

Wheat Yield and Weedness under Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilization

In this study we tested yield and weediness in wheat cultivars Lazarica and Julija Mono grown under different regime of mineral nutrition. This investigation was conducted at the long term experiment on control variant (without fertilizers), second variant with nitrogen application (two sub variants with different rate of N) 2N1 (80 kg N ha-1) and 2N2 (120 kg N ha-1), third variant with NP fertilizer with two different rate of N application: 3N1 (80 kg N ha-1 + 100kg P ha-1) and 3N2 (120 kg N ha-1 + 100kg P ha-1) and fourth variant 4N1 (80 kg N ha-1 + 60kg P ha-1) and 4N2 (120 kg N ha-1 + 60kg P ha-1). Weediness varies in dependence of rate and variant of fertilization. The weed species Consolida regalis Gray, Convolvulus arvensis L., Polygonum aviculare L., Cirsium arvense L., Agropyrum repens L., Polygonum convolvulus L. was dominant on fertilized plots. The analyzed variability of grain yield depends of applied fertilizer variants. The lowest grain yield was found on control variant in both wheat cultivar Lazatica (1880kg ha-1), Julija Mono (1740kg ha-1) while the highest grain yield on variant 3N2 (120 kg N ha-1 + 100kg P ha-1) Lazarica (3724kg ha-1 Julija Mono (4990kg ha-1) and low weediness

The Rate of Productive Tillers per Plant of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities

The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2

Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Overwintering Under Different Sowing Densities

Wheat overwintering ability affects the final number of plants that are able to continue their growth and development when necessary conditions are established. This research was conducted to study the overwintering ability of winter wheat cultivars (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) under different sowing densities during 2013/14 and 2014/15 in agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. Standard agronomic practices for winter wheat were performed. Wheat cultivars were sown manually, under sowing densities with different seed arrangements: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588, and 604 seeds m-2. Counting of wheat plants in both examined years was carried out in the second decade of February. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3, while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The average overwintering plants percentage for all three examined wheat cultivars was 50.06%. Sowing density of 588 seeds m-2 stands out as the density with a tendency of the highest percentage of overwintering plants in both years

Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield Components in Agro–ecological Conditions of Banja Luka Region

Due to its numerous agricultural and industrial purposes, oilseed rape is a very important species. The total production of oilseed rape in the Republic of Srpska is faced with noticeable variation throughout years, with an increase in last three years. The oilseed rape yield is strongly influenced by environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyze yield components of oilseed rape in agro–ecological conditions of Banja Luka. Four oilseed rape hybrids were used: PR46W21, PR46W20, PR46W14 and PR45DO3 in two growing seasons: 2012/13 and 2013/14. Yield components tested were: pod mass (g), seed mass per pod (g), pod index (%), number of seeds per pod and 1000–seed weight (g). Factorial 2×4 ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test were used to analyze data, with growing seasons (years) and hybrids as factors. Growing season significantly affected the pod mass (g), total seed mass per pod (g) and 1000–seed weight. Generally, higher yield component values were obtained in the second examined year (2013/14)

Variability of Number of Spikes per Unit Area and Grain Yield Effected by Different Sowing Densities оf Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The sowing density of wheat is important for expression of number of spikes per unit area, grain yield as well as other yield components. The aim of this work is investigation of variability of grain yield and number of spikes per unit area influenced by different sowing densities under different environmental conditions. Three wheat genotypes NS 40, Prima and Nova Bosanka were studied at seven different sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds m-2) with four replications on experimental plot of one m2 on field experiment in agro‒ecological conditions of Banja Luka during two successive growing seasons. In all studied wheat cultivars, the lowest number of spikes m-2 and the lowest grain yield were found on variant of lowest sowing density (384 seeds m-2), while the highest number of spikes m-2 and the highest grain yield were found on variant of 588 seeds m-2 in both years. The wheat genotype NS 40S had the highest number of spikes m-2, while Nova Bosanka had the lowest at all variants of sowing densities in both years. Mainly, at all variants of sowing densities, the highest values of analyzed traits were expressed in first year of experimental investigation. Depending of year and variant of sowing density the highest grain yield were found in NS 40 and Prima, while the lowest grain yield had Nova Bosanka in both years of experiment. In general, the recommended wheat sowing rates should be confirmed in the specific area of production and for the specific genotype

Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) Genotypes from the Western Balkan Countries

The yield components participate in the formation of the overall yield and vary within the genotype and environmental factors. The aim of this research was to evaluate yield components of spelt genotypes originating from different Western Balkan countries. Spelt genotypes were examined during two growing seasons 2015/16 and 2016/17 in the agro-ecological conditions of Banja Luka. Nine spelt genotypes were used, i.e. landrace Sitnica from Manjača mountain (the Republic of Srpska, B&H), seven Montenegrin landraces KP34LJ5-1/34 (SP1), KR16LJ5-1/16 (SP2), KR29LJ5-1/29 (SP3), KR12LJ5-1/12 (SP4), KR15LJ5-1/15 (SP5), LJ5-1/9 (SP6), KR20LJ5-1/20 (SP7) and cultivar Nirvana from Serbia. Standard production practices were applied for these spelt genotypes. Five traits were analyzed: the number of spikes m-2, plant height, spike length, the number of grains spike-1 and spike index. A two-factorial analysis of variance was performed and significant differences between treatment means were tested by the Fisher's LSD test at P≤0.05 and P≤0.01 significance level. Genotypes SP4 (140.38 cm), SP5 (138.82 cm), Sitnica (137.66 cm) and SP6 (135.65 cm) showed tendency of forming a relatively higher plants. Sitnica had the longest spikes (14.07 cm), while Montenegrin genotypes had relatively shorter spikes of 6.79 cm on average. Genotypes SP2, SP4, SP5, SP6 and SP7 obtained the highest number of grains per spike while the highest average spike index was obtained in SP7 (0.81)