Gene Expression Signature of DMBA-Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinomas: Modulation by Chlorophyllin and Ellagic Acid

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of chlorophyll and ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound in berries, grapes, and nuts have been reported to exert anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines and in animal tumour models. The present study was undertaken to examine the mechanism underlying chemoprevention and changes in gene expression pattern induced by dietary supplementation of chlorophyllin and ellagic acid in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model by whole genome profiling using pangenomic microarrays. In hamsters painted with DMBA, the expression of 1,700 genes was found to be altered significantly relative to control. Dietary supplementation of chlorophyllin and ellagic acid modulated the expression profiles of 104 and 37 genes respectively. Microarray analysis also revealed changes in the expression of TGFβ receptors, NF-κB, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that may play a crucial role in the transformation of the normal buccal pouch to a malignant phenotype. This gene expression signature was altered on treatment with chlorophyllin and ellagic acid. Our study has also revealed patterns of gene expression signature specific for chlorophyllin and ellagic acid exposure. Thus dietary chlorophyllin and ellagic acid that can reverse gene expression signature associated with carcinogenesis are novel candidates for cancer prevention and therapy

Value added meat products and development of processed meat sector

281-283A number of processed product units are involved in manufacturing value added products from buffaloes, sheep, goat and aged animals meat. The purpose of meat processing, scope of value added products, relevant approaches, some value added products and economics of these products have been discussed in this paper

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Not AvailableA survey was conducted to evaluate the facilities and practices available to produce wholesome and hygienic meat in 100 retail processing units located in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Analysis of data revealed that all units are following wet processing of poultry to produce chicken meat but none of them are recording and controlling temperature of scalding water. Defeathering machine is available in all units but stainless steel table to eviscerate chicken carcass is not available in any of the unit. Creating awareness among the retailers, slaughter personnel and consumers about the whole some and hygienic meat production, processing and utilization is essentially required. The related implications are discussed and an active plan suggested.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWaste products from processing of fruit and vegetables offer a practical and economic source of potentantioxidants that could replace synthetic preservatives. Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) is an important source of bioactive compounds and has been used for folk medicine for many centuries. Most pomegranate fruit parts are knownto possess enormous antioxidant activity. While substantial data exists in favour of use of polyphenols from green tea,rosemary, berry fruits, sage, and other herbs as natural antioxidants, interest in antioxidant properties of polyphenols from pomegranate has recently emerged. The utilisation of pomegranate fruits for meat processing and its potentialhealth benefits are not well understood. Hence the present article focuses on benefits of incorporating pomegranatejuice or rind powder extract in meat and meat products.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableShelf stable pork sausages were developed using hurdle technology and their quality was evaluated during ambient temperature (37 ± 1 °C) storage. Hurdles incorporated were low pH, low water activity, vacuum packaging and post package reheating. Dipping in potassium sorbate solution prior to vacuum packaging was also studied. Reheating increased the pH of the sausages by 0.17 units as against 0.11 units in controls. Incorporation of hurdles significantly decreased emulsion stability, cooking yield, moisture and fat percent, yellowness and hardness, while increasing the protein percent and redness. Hurdle treatment reduced quality deterioration during storage as indicated by pH, TBARS and tyrosine values. About 1 log reduction in total plate count was observed with the different hurdles as were reductions in the coliform, anaerobic, lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus counts. pH, aw and reheating hurdles inhibited yeast and mold growth up to day 3, while additional dipping in 1% potassium sorbate solution inhibited their growth throughout the 9 days storage. Despite low initial sensory appeal, the hurdle treated sausages had an overall acceptability in the range ‘very good’ to ‘good’ up to day 6.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dipping in pomegranate fruit juice phenolics (PFJP) solution on the shelf life of chicken meat held under refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Breast muscle obtained from spent hens was dipped (1:2 w/v; muscle: liquid) in sterile water or in sterile water with 0.02% (v/v) PFJP, packed, stored at 4 °C for 28 days and samples were analyzed on 2 days of intervals. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values were lower in samples treated with PFJP. Total sulfhydryl and protein bound sulfhydryl content values were higher in samples treated with PFJP. Microbial quality evaluation showed that aerobic and psychrotrophic counts were higher in samples treated without PFJP. Sensory evaluation revealed that acceptability level of samples treated without PFJP decreased on 12th day of storage. It is concluded that spent hen breast meat samples dipped in 0.02% PFJP reduced protein oxidation and inhibited microbial growth and sensorily acceptable up to 12 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C.Not Availabl