A Unified Treatment of Horizontal Direct Investment, Vertical Direct Investment, and the Pattern of Trade in Goods and Services

This paper contributes to research endogenizing multinational firms in general-equilibrium trade models. We attempt to integrate separate contributions on horizontal multinationals which produce the same final product in multiple locations, with work on vertical multinationals, which geographically fragment production by stages. Previously derived results now emerge as special cases of a more general model. Vertical multinationals dominate when countries are very different in relative factor endowments. Horizontal multinationals dominate when the countries are similar in size and in relative endowments, and trade costs are moderate to high. In some cases, foreign investment or trade liberalization leads to a reversal in the direction of trade. Investment liberalization can also lead to an increase in the volume of trade and produces a strong tendency toward factor-price equalization. Thus direct investment can be a complement to trade in both a volume-of-trade sense and in a welfare sense.

Phylogenetic relationships within and among Brassica species from RAPD loci associated with blackleg resistance

The genus Brassica comprises economically important oilseed and vegetable crops. Their susceptibility to fungal diseases such as blackleg causes yield loss. In this study, thirty accessionsfrom USDA germplasm collection representing two diploid Brassica species (Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea var. virids) and fifteen tetraploid cultivars (Brassica napus) from the national wintercanola variety trials (NWCVT) were evaluated using 13 sets of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) associated with blackleg resistance in Brassica nigra. 126 highly polymorphic bands with an average of 10 per primer were detected. A UPGMA dendrogram showed B. rapa as highly diverse and was supported from three different basal branches, while B. napus accessions were generally monophyletic. Similarly, all of B. oleraceae accessions were supported from the same basal node.Generally, the three species were reciprocally paraphyletic, suggesting that the RAPD markers showed both functional relationships as well as homology, possibly due to selection at the RAPD loci associated with blackleg resistance. Consequently, two potentially susceptible B. napus accessions were identified. The high polymorphic information content (PIC) and number of phylogenetically informative bands established RAPD as a useful tool for phylogenetic reconstruction, quantification ofgenetic diversity for conservation, cultivar classification and molecular breeding in Brassica

RAPD markers associated with resistance to blackleg disease in Brassica species

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is a serious disease of Brassica species. Genetic analysis of resistance to L. maculans was carried out with 15 accessions from the USDA Brassica germplasm collections, representing diploids (A, C), and tetraploid (AC) genomes, respectively; and 9 cultivars from the National Winter Canola Variety Trials (NWCVT) all carrying AC genomes. All genotypes were screened for blackleg disease at the cotyledonary stage. The results indicated that 46% of the 24 genotypes were resistant, while 54% were susceptible. On the other hand, adult plant screening revealed that all the public genotypes were resistant. In an effort to identify molecularmarkers associated with resistance to blackleg disease, all genotypes were screened with 13 RAPD and 8 SSR markers producing 169 amplified products. Six RAPD markers (OPB01, OPE03, OPE16, OPF10, OPE12, and OPI01) were polymorphic, while the SSR markers were monomorphic. Chi-square analysis indicated that 5 amplified fragments (OPE03-4000, OPE16-1100, OPE16-1300, OPE16-1900, and OPI01- 280) from RAPD primers were significantly associated with blackleg resistance. Thus this study demonstrated that RAPD primers could be effectively used to identify DNA markers that are associatedwith blackleg disease resistance, and that resistance to L. maculans might also exist in the A and C genomes

Anemie du Premature et Pratiques Transfusionnelles au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Yopougon à Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

En Côte d’Ivoire la transfusion sanguine reste importante. Notre objectif était de proposer une ligne directrice de pratique de transfusion sanguine chez le nouveau né prématuré. Notre étude a porté sur 2 ans de janvier 1997 à 1999. Tous nouveau-nés de moins de 37 semaines hospitalisés au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Yopougon et dont le taux d’hémoglobine était inférieure à 13 g/mL ont été inclus. De cette étude il ressort que la prévalence de l’anémie était de 25%, et celle de la transfusion sanguine de 56%. Le taux d’hémoglobine inférieure à 10 g/mL (p = 0, 000081), la pâleur (p = 0, 000003) étaient nos critères de transfusion. Nous concluons que tout prématuré de moins de 32 semaines dont le taux d’hémoglobine était inférieure ou égale à 10 g/mL admis avant le 15ème jours de vie doit bénéficier d’une transfusion sanguine et le tauxMots Clés prématuré ; anémie ; transfusion ; Abidja

Evaluation de la diversité agromorphologique des descendances hybrides de cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) Nain Jaune Malaisie x Grand Vanuatu en Côte d’Ivoire

Ce travail vise à évaluer la diversité agromorphologique des descendances hybrides de cocotier Nain Jaune Malaisie x Grand Vanuatu tolérants à la maladie du jaunissement. Les observations ont porté sur 30 descripteurs liés aux stipes, feuilles, inflorescences et fruits. Les résultats montrent que 12 descripteurs permettent de discriminer les individus au niveau inter et intra-descendance. La structuration de ces descendances a révélé deux groupes. Il s’agit des descendances d15 qui se sont distinguées des autres. Les arbres de la descendance d15 sont caractérisés par une Circonférence du stipe à 20 cm du sol (134,52 cm), un Epaisseur de Pétiole (3,25 cm), une Largeur de Foliole (6,42 cm), un Nombre d’Epillets (40), un Nombre d’Epillet Sans Fleur femelle (23), un Diamètre polaire de la noix (20,03 cm) et une masse de la bourre (291,82 g) supérieures à ceux des autres descendances. Le Géniteur G15 qui donne des descendances robustes et présentant des aptitudes favorables à une bonne production est à sélectionner pour produire des hybrides NJM x GVT tolérants et haut producteurs.Mots clés: Cocotier, hybride, jaunissement mortel, diversité agromorphologique

Congenital lobar emphysema: a case report

Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare variety of congenital malformation of lung characterized by over distension of a lobe of a lung due to partial obstruction of the bronchus. We are reporting a neonate admitted in the pediatric emergency ward with the respiratory distress since 16th day of life