ASR Error Detection via Audio-Transcript entailment

Despite improved performances of the latest Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, transcription errors are still unavoidable. These errors can have a considerable impact in critical domains such as healthcare, when used to help with clinical documentation. Therefore, detecting ASR errors is a critical first step in preventing further error propagation to downstream applications. To this end, we propose a novel end-to-end approach for ASR error detection using audio-transcript entailment. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to frame this problem as an end-to-end entailment task between the audio segment and its corresponding transcript segment. Our intuition is that there should be a bidirectional entailment between audio and transcript when there is no recognition error and vice versa. The proposed model utilizes an acoustic encoder and a linguistic encoder to model the speech and transcript respectively. The encoded representations of both modalities are fused to predict the entailment. Since doctor-patient conversations are used in our experiments, a particular emphasis is placed on medical terms. Our proposed model achieves classification error rates (CER) of 26.2% on all transcription errors and 23% on medical errors specifically, leading to improvements upon a strong baseline by 12% and 15.4%, respectively.Comment: Accepted to Interspeech 202

Assessing the effectiveness of climate change programmes and project implementation in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea has faced a challenge to subsistence livelihoods caused by the rapidly changing climate since the early 1990s. In response to the challenges, PNG has adopted and promoted the adaptation concept since 2007. The adaptation initiatives have taken place at various levels, by a number of responsible groups and institutions: state institutions have targeted policy development while the local communities have initiated projects to overcome the changing environment. Since the programmes and projects happen at various levels, this study aims to assess and gain insights into the experiences of those stakeholders who are directly involved in implementation, to see whether community projects complement or challenge government programmes. A case study approach to data gathering was employed to gain qualitative insights into the challenges and opportunities experienced. In-depth interviews, general observations, and online questionnaires were employed for primary data collection. Data collected were analysed to identify the common issues experienced. The study found that community initiated projects do not intuitively correlate with government established programmes. There is no clear mechanism established between government and communities to work in partnership to address climate change impacts at the community level. Communities initiate and implement projects based on their own local knowledge and circumstances. To encourage and enable communities to achieve the maximum expected outcome, state institutions and other stakeholders would need to support and build skills and technical capacity. Such an effort would require the integration of different stakeholders’ programmes so that effectiveness can be achieved through coordinated efforts

Assessing the effectiveness of climate change programmes and project implementation in Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea has faced a challenge to subsistence livelihoods caused by the rapidly changing climate since the early 1990s. In response to the challenges, PNG has adopted and promoted the adaptation concept since 2007. The adaptation initiatives have taken place at various levels, by a number of responsible groups and institutions: state institutions have targeted policy development while the local communities have initiated projects to overcome the changing environment. Since the programmes and projects happen at various levels, this study aims to assess and gain insights into the experiences of those stakeholders who are directly involved in implementation, to see whether community projects complement or challenge government programmes. A case study approach to data gathering was employed to gain qualitative insights into the challenges and opportunities experienced. In-depth interviews, general observations, and online questionnaires were employed for primary data collection. Data collected were analysed to identify the common issues experienced. The study found that community initiated projects do not intuitively correlate with government established programmes. There is no clear mechanism established between government and communities to work in partnership to address climate change impacts at the community level. Communities initiate and implement projects based on their own local knowledge and circumstances. To encourage and enable communities to achieve the maximum expected outcome, state institutions and other stakeholders would need to support and build skills and technical capacity. Such an effort would require the integration of different stakeholders’ programmes so that effectiveness can be achieved through coordinated efforts

Étude et conception d'un système de transmission sans fil de données en bande millimétrique dans un environnement indoor pour application médicale

Dans des pathologies neurologiques, la détection des anomalies s'appuie sur un monitorage qui utilise des systèmes reliant le patient aux unités de traitement par des fils. Ce qui est problématique quand le patient veut se déplacer, ou quand il est sujet à des convulsions durant une crise (mouvements brusques et incontrôlés de la tête). L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un système de transmission sans fil en bande millimétrique entre le patient et les unités de traitements. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la conception des cartes électroniques en bande de base en émission et en réception. Les opérations d'amplification, d'échantillonnage blocage, de numérisation et de multiplexage ainsi que de codage ont été réalisées à l'aide d'un circuit logique programmable de type FPGA. Les choix de la modulation numérique, de la structure des modules RF d'émission sont présentés. La deuxième partie décrit la génération de la porteuse à 24 GHz. La technique repose sur l'usage d'un transistor FET pour la conception de l'oscillateur à 12 GHz, puis les amplificateurs et d'un doubleur de fréquence. La dernière partie est consacrée à l'étude et à la conception d'antennes d'émission et de réception. Les antennes à hélices quadrifilaires et à polarisation circulaire ainsi que les antennes patch à polarisation circulaire sur substrat de haute permittivité ont été proposées.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF