Features of Physical Development of Schoolchildren in the Conditions of Specialized Training

The article presents a comparative analysis of physical development of 13-year-olds and cadet basic profile of teaching in urban schools in the parameters of somatometry and visiometry characterizing physical development, functional state, adaptation of the heart and body to current training loads. Coming of puberty is marked by intense growth of the body with heterochronous changes in the proportions and dimensions of its muscular skeletal system and the structure of internal organs. During this period, the role of mechanisms for self-regulation of heart activity and, in general, autonomous regulation of the functions of the cardiovascular system increases. At the initial stage in adolescents the manifestation of tachycardia and cardiac type of self-regulation of blood circulation increases. It is accompanied with deterioration in inotropic function of the myocardium against the background of a pronounced effect of sympatotonia and vagotonia on the systolic function of the myocardium

Маноимпедансометрическая диагностика функции пищевода у детей с диспепсией

Background. Introduction of new methods of diagnosing functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract into children’s practice will reveal the true cause of changes in esophageal motility in its various pathologies, which will significantly change the treatment tactics, since the selection of therapy will be based on the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease development.Our aim was to highlight the capabilities and benefits of high-resolution mano-impedancemetry in comparison with esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which has been studied and used in pediatric practice for a long time, and to prove that only due to a new method for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders, it is possible to determine the cause of dyspeptic complaints in children.Patients and Methods. The results of our own examination of children aged from 7 to 17 years 11 months (n = 23) with clinical manifestations of functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract have been presented.Results. According to the mano-impedancemetry data, it has been found that the time of the substrate in the esophagus (p<0.02) and the speed of its passage through the esophagus depend on the pressure in the distal esophagus: the lower the pressure in the distal esophagus, the lower the fluid flow rate and the higher the degree of its reflux (р<0.001). Decreased speed indicates hypotonia of the lower esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter, which provides only a correction by physiotherapeutic treatment methods since surgical intervention in such conditions is ineffective.Conclusion. The method of mano-impedancemetry allows to determine the indications for surgical treatment and to predict the efficacy of the conducted anti-reflux surgical correction.Обоснование. Внедрение в детскую практику новых методов диагностики функциональных нарушений верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта позволит выявить истинную причину изменений моторики пищевода при различных его патологиях, что существенно изменит тактику лечения, так как подбор терапии будет основан на патогенетических особенностях развития заболевания.Цель исследования — осветить возможности и преимущества маноимпедансометрии высокого разрешения в сопоставлении с давно изученной и применяемой в детской практике эзофагогастродуоденоскопией и доказать, что только благодаря новому методу диагностики моторных нарушений пищевода можно определить причину возникновения диспепсических жалоб у детей.Методы. Представлены результаты собственного обследования детей в возрасте от 7 лет до 17 лет 11 мес (n=23) с клиническими проявления функциональных нарушений верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта.Результаты. По данным маноимпедансометрии выявлено, что от давления в дистальном отделе пищевода зависят время нахождения субстрата в пищеводе (р<0,02) и скорость его прохождения по пищеводу: чем ниже давление в дистальном отделе, тем ниже скорость прохождения жидкости и выше степень ее заброса в пищевод (р<0,001). Сниженная скорость указывает на гипотонус нижнего отдела пищевода и нижнего пищеводного сфинктера, что предусматривает лишь корректировку физиотерапевтическими методами лечения, поскольку оперативное вмешательство при таких состояниях неэффективно.Заключение. Метод маноимпедансометрии позволяет определить показания к проведению оперативного лечения и спрогнозировать эффективность проводимой антирефлюксной хирургической коррекции

Productive Performance, Hatching Egg Quality and Health Indices of Hisex Brown Laying Hens Fed Extruded Grain Amaranth

The article presents results proving the feasibility of extruded amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) in feeding breeding laying hens of the Hisex Brown cross (aged 25-45 weeks). Due to improvements in the quality indicators of hatching eggs, such as weight (2.09%; P<0.01), Haugh units (1.07%; P<0.05), and shell thickness strengthened (5.0 µm; P<0.05) to 362 µm, it was possible to increase egg laying intensity by 1.81%, hatching egg yield by 2.20%, and hatching of chickens by 1.33% with the addition of 5% extruded grain to the diet structure. In the test group, there was an 11.66% (P<0.05) reduction in cholesterol in the yolk of eggs. The test group's hemoglobin concentration rose by 4.16% (P<0.05) in comparison to the control group's blood, while the test group's lymphocyte and segmented neutrophil levels decreased by 1.65% (P<0.05) and 1.93% (P<0.05), respectively. These results demonstrated the high efficacy of the feed under investigation in preserving the immune status of breeding chickens during the first productivity phase. The chicken body exhibited a high level of antioxidant activity as evidenced by the rise in superoxide dismutase activity by 8.85% (P<0.05), the total amount of antioxidants by 21.66% (P<0.01), and the decrease in malonaldehyde by 13.52% (P<0.05) in the test group. Analysis of the microbiome of the cecum in the colon revealed an increase in bacteria of Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales by 46.93 (P<0.01) and 25.54% (P<0.01), as well as a rise in Ruminococcaceae by 15.87% (P<0.01), in the test group compared with the control group

Признаки поражения пищевода у детей со склеродермией по данным маноимпедансометрии: исследование серии случаев

Background. Currently, scleroderma is a rather rare disease, including among children. Despite the growing interest of investigators in this pathology, the problem of diagnosing oesophageal affection in various forms of systemic sclerosis remains under-investigated since endoscopic data does not provide a complete picture of the oesophageal function. Currently, mano-impedancemetry (MIP) is the leading method in Europe for determining the oesophageal function, including in children with scleroderma; in the Russian Federation, it is used only in adults. Proper and timely evaluation of the oesophageal motility state will allow not only to expand our understanding of the disease pathogenesis but also to determine the efficacy of the initiated therapy and to give practice suggestions in terms of treatment tactics in the early stages of the disease. Our aim was to determine the possibilities of mano-impedancemetry for diagnosing oesophageal affection in juvenile scleroderma. Patients and Methods. The study included children with juvenile scleroderma taken to the department of rheumatology and dermatology from June to August 2016. To identify oesophageal function disorders, all patients underwent high-resolution manometry in combination with impedancemetry. Results. A decrease in the distal oesophageal contraction amplitude in more than 30% of “wet” swallows was found in 2 of 7 children with juvenile systemic scleroderma and in one of 6 children with juvenile focal scleroderma. All 13 patients had peristaltic waves in the distal oesophagus with an amplitude of &lt;30 mm Hg. They had interrupted peristalsis, in which the peristaltic wave did not go through the entire length of the oesophagus; one of these patients showed a simultaneous contraction with an amplitude of &lt;30 mm Hg. All children (n=13) showed a positive correlation (r= 0.021) between the systemic disease and impaired motility (р=0.021). Conclusion. Despite the clinical and laboratory methods for diagnosing scleroderma, the data of oesophageal mano-impedancemetry is an important criterion, primarily for the differential diagnosis of systemic and focal scleroderma, and assists in the early initiation of therapy for oesophageal motility disorders.Marina Ju. Stepanyan, Ekaterina I. Alexeeva, Elena V. Komarova confirmed the absence of a reportable conflict of interest.Ekaterina I. Alexeeva — receiving research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Centocor, Novartis.Nikolay N. Murashkin — receiving research funding from pharmaceutical companies Jansen, Eli Lilly. Receiving fees for scientific advice from Galderma, Pierre Fabre, Bayer, Astellas, Libriderm.Актуальность. В настоящее время склеродермия остается достаточно редким, в том числе среди детей, заболеванием. Тем не менее интерес исследователей к данной патологии возрастает, поскольку диагностика поражения пищевода при различных формах системного склероза достаточно проблематична, а результаты эндоскопического исследования не отображают полной картины функции пищевода. На современном этапе метод маноимпедансометрии для определения функции пищевода, в том числе у детей со склеродермией, является ведущим в Европе, однако на территории Российской Федерации применяется только у взрослых. Правильная и своевременная оценка моторного состояния пищевода позволит не только расширить наши представления о патогенезе заболевания, но и определить эффективность начатой терапии и выработать практические рекомендации относительно тактики лечения уже на ранних этапах развития заболевания. Цель исследования — определить возможности маноимпедансометрии для диагностики поражений пищевода при ювенильной склеродермии. Методы. В исследование включены 13 детей с ювенильной склеродермией, госпитализированных в отделения ревматологии и дерматологии в период с июня по август 2016 г. Всем пациентам с целью выявления функциональных нарушений пищевода выполнена манометрия высокого разрешения в сочетании с импедансометрией. Результаты. Снижение амплитуды сокращений в дистальном отделе пищевода более чем в 30% «влажных» глотков обнаружено у 2 из 7 детей с ювенильной системной склеродермией и у 1 из 6 с ювенильной очаговой склеродермией. У всех пациентов выявлены перистальтические волны в дистальном отделе пищевода амплитудой &lt;30 мм рт.ст., а также непроведенная перистальтика, при которой перистальтическая волна не проходит всю длину пищевода; у 1/13 — одновременное сокращение с амплитудой &lt;30 мм рт.ст. У всех детей выявлена положительная корреляция между системным вариантом заболевания и нарушением перистальтики (р=0,021). Заключение. Благодаря методу маноимпедансометрии верифицируются моторные нарушения пищевода, что обеспечивает пациенту своевременную и соответствующую медицинскую помощь.Е.И. Алексеева — получение грантов на проведение исследований от компаний Pfizer, Roche, Centocor, Novartis.М.Ю. Степанян, Е.В. Комарова подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщить.Н.Н. Мурашкин — получение исследовательских грантов от фармацевтических компаний Jansen, Eli Lilly. Получение гонораров за научное консультирование от компаний Galderma, Pierre Fabre, Bayer, Astellas, Libriderm

Bose-Einstein condensation beyond perturbation theory: Goldstone singularities and instanton solution

Temperature Green functions are applied to the analysis of Bose-condensation of weakly interacting gas. The character of Goldstone singularities of correlation functions is established to all orders in perturbation theory. These singularities are regularized by the system volume. An anomalous volume dependence of the correlation functions is revealed. Quantum-field perturbation series are studied in the framework of the instanton approach. It is shown that there are no time-dependent instantons and that the time-independent instanton solutions exhibit factorial growth in large orders of the quantum-field perturbation expansion

Mano-Impedancemetric Diagnosis of Esophageal Function in Children With Dyspepsia

Background. Introduction of new methods of diagnosing functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract into children’s practice will reveal the true cause of changes in esophageal motility in its various pathologies, which will significantly change the treatment tactics, since the selection of therapy will be based on the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease development.Our aim was to highlight the capabilities and benefits of high-resolution mano-impedancemetry in comparison with esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which has been studied and used in pediatric practice for a long time, and to prove that only due to a new method for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders, it is possible to determine the cause of dyspeptic complaints in children.Patients and Methods. The results of our own examination of children aged from 7 to 17 years 11 months (n = 23) with clinical manifestations of functional disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract have been presented.Results. According to the mano-impedancemetry data, it has been found that the time of the substrate in the esophagus (p&lt;0.02) and the speed of its passage through the esophagus depend on the pressure in the distal esophagus: the lower the pressure in the distal esophagus, the lower the fluid flow rate and the higher the degree of its reflux (р&lt;0.001). Decreased speed indicates hypotonia of the lower esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter, which provides only a correction by physiotherapeutic treatment methods since surgical intervention in such conditions is ineffective.Conclusion. The method of mano-impedancemetry allows to determine the indications for surgical treatment and to predict the efficacy of the conducted anti-reflux surgical correction

Symptoms of Oesophageal Affection in Children With Scleroderma According to Mano-Impedancemetry: A Case Series

Background. Currently, scleroderma is a rather rare disease, including among children. Despite the growing interest of investigators in this pathology, the problem of diagnosing oesophageal affection in various forms of systemic sclerosis remains under-investigated since endoscopic data does not provide a complete picture of the oesophageal function. Currently, mano-impedancemetry (MIP) is the leading method in Europe for determining the oesophageal function, including in children with scleroderma; in the Russian Federation, it is used only in adults. Proper and timely evaluation of the oesophageal motility state will allow not only to expand our understanding of the disease pathogenesis but also to determine the efficacy of the initiated therapy and to give practice suggestions in terms of treatment tactics in the early stages of the disease. Our aim was to determine the possibilities of mano-impedancemetry for diagnosing oesophageal affection in juvenile scleroderma. Patients and Methods. The study included children with juvenile scleroderma taken to the department of rheumatology and dermatology from June to August 2016. To identify oesophageal function disorders, all patients underwent high-resolution manometry in combination with impedancemetry. Results. A decrease in the distal oesophageal contraction amplitude in more than 30% of “wet” swallows was found in 2 of 7 children with juvenile systemic scleroderma and in one of 6 children with juvenile focal scleroderma. All 13 patients had peristaltic waves in the distal oesophagus with an amplitude of &lt;30 mm Hg. They had interrupted peristalsis, in which the peristaltic wave did not go through the entire length of the oesophagus; one of these patients showed a simultaneous contraction with an amplitude of &lt;30 mm Hg. All children (n=13) showed a positive correlation (r= 0.021) between the systemic disease and impaired motility (р=0.021). Conclusion. Despite the clinical and laboratory methods for diagnosing scleroderma, the data of oesophageal mano-impedancemetry is an important criterion, primarily for the differential diagnosis of systemic and focal scleroderma, and assists in the early initiation of therapy for oesophageal motility disorders.Marina Ju. Stepanyan, Ekaterina I. Alexeeva, Elena V. Komarova confirmed the absence of a reportable conflict of interest.Ekaterina I. Alexeeva — receiving research grants from Pfizer, Roche, Centocor, Novartis.Nikolay N. Murashkin — receiving research funding from pharmaceutical companies Jansen, Eli Lilly. Receiving fees for scientific advice from Galderma, Pierre Fabre, Bayer, Astellas, Libriderm

Novel Epoxides of Soloxolone Methyl: An Effect of the Formation of Oxirane Ring and Stereoisomerism on Cytotoxic Profile, Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro and In Vivo

It is known that epoxide-bearing compounds display pronounced pharmacological activities, and the epoxidation of natural metabolites can be a promising strategy to improve their bioactivity. Here, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of &alpha;O-SM and &beta;O-SM, novel epoxides of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyanoenone-bearing derivative of 18&beta;H-glycyrrhetinic acid. We demonstrated that the replacement of a double-bound within the cyanoenone pharmacophore group of SM with &alpha;- and &beta;-epoxide moieties did not abrogate the high antitumor and anti-inflammatory potentials of the triterpenoid. It was found that novel SM epoxides induced the death of tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations (IC50(24h) = 0.7&ndash;4.1 &micro;M) via the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, reinforced intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in B16 melanoma cells, probably by direct interaction with key drug efflux pumps (P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MXR1), and the suppressed pro-metastatic phenotype of B16 cells, effectively inhibiting their metastasis in a murine model. Moreover, &alpha;O-SM and &beta;O-SM hampered macrophage functionality in vitro (motility, NO production) and significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced peritonitis in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of the stereoisomerism of SM epoxides on the mentioned bioactivities and toxic profiles of these compounds in vivo were evaluated. Considering the comparable antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of SM epoxides with SM and reference drugs (dacarbazine, dexamethasone), &alpha;O-SM and &beta;O-SM can be considered novel promising antitumor and anti-inflammatory drug candidates

Spring fires in Russia:Results from participatory burned area mapping with Sentinel-2 imagery

Human-induced fires play a crucial role in transforming landscapes and contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Russia is a country where human-induced fires are widespread and form distinctive spring and summer burning cycles. However, spring fires are not well documented and it is unclear which land-cover types are associated with the spread of spring fires. Using Sentinel-2 optical satellite imagery, a wall-to-wall spring burned area data set for 1 January to 15 May 2020 was created for Russia (excluding the Arctic) using a participatory crowdsourcing digitizing approach on an online platform developed specifically for this application. The 2020 spring fire product had a producer accuracy of 85% and user accuracy of 92%. Approximately 13.38 million ha, comprising 1.8% of the study area, were mapped as burned, with the majority of the 2020 spring burned areas in Siberia. Our spring-fire product revealed five times more burned area estimates compared to the burned area estimates from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD64 product. We also found high variability of burned area per active fire pixel across regions of Russia, when compared to MODIS and visible infrared imaging radiometer suite active fire data. Spring fires started to increase from the end of February and reached their maximum by the end of March through the middle of April. Spring fires were associated with arable lands and grasslands as land-cover types, except Siberia, where spring fires were most common in deciduous and needle-leaved forests, followed by arable lands. While spring fires were associated with croplands and grasslands, an estimate for Central Russia showed approximately 75% of spring fires occurred on abandoned agricultural lands. Our study demonstrated the suitability of optical Sentinel-2 imagery for spring fire mapping and the great utility of a participatory mapping approach for fast and accurate mapping as well as engagement of the community

Conformational features of lactate dehydrogenase: Temperature effect in presence of small molecules, mathematical model

The aim. To study the conformational changes of lactate dehydrogenase under the influence of different concentrations of intermediates (pyruvate, oxaloacetate) in the temperature gradient with the subsequent building of a mathematical model. Materials and methods. Thermolability of lactate dehydrogenase was studied using the method of differential scanning fluorimetry to determine the change in endogenous fluorescence of tryptophan and tyrosine under the conditions of stable concentration of lactate dehydrogenase and changing concentrations of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Further, a mathematical model was developed for a more in-depth consideration of the behavior of the catalytic protein. Results. We found that pyruvate and oxaloacetate in low concentrations have a thermostabilizing effect on lactate dehydrogenase conformation; the effect of pyruvate is statistically more significant in comparison with oxaloacetate (p < 0.05). The studied ligands in high concentrations reduce the thermal stability of lactate dehydrogenase. Conclusion. Understanding the role of small molecules in the regulation of biological and catalytic processes has long remained in the background of scientific interest, but today the work in this direction is reaching a new level. The data obtained indicate the possibility of small molecules acting as ligands when interacting with enzymes. © 2020 Siberian State Medical University. All rights reserved